Motorboat - motorboat (English spelling)

Japanese: モーターボート - もーたーぼーと(英語表記)motorboat
Motorboat - motorboat (English spelling)

A relatively fast small boat propelled by an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine. They are classified into planing boats and displacement boats. Planing boats are as light as possible, and achieve high speeds with a high-horsepower propulsion engine. They use the lift acting on the bottom of the boat to expose the front bottom above the water surface and glide like flying with the rear bottom touching the water surface. There are racing boats and high-speed leisure boats. Up to about 10 meters in length, they are sometimes called runabouts. Displacement boats have a relatively low speed and negligible lift, so buoyancy and gravity are always in balance. Most motorboats are of this type. They are used in a wide range of applications, including high-speed passenger boats on remote island routes, patrol boats of the Japan Coast Guard, security boats of the water police, fishery patrol boats of local governments, cruising motor yachts, transportation boats, recreational fishing boats, and leisure boats. Although not fast enough to plan, some boats can reach speeds of around 25 to 30 knots. Among small boats propelled by internal combustion engines, slow cargo ships such as barges and cargo ships are not called motorboats.

The engine can be divided into outboard motors and regular inboard motors based on the type of engine installed. Outboard motors, which are small, lightweight diesel engines integrated with the propeller and rudder and have a structure that allows them to be attached and detached outside the boat at the rear of the stern, are widely used in relatively high-speed small boats such as leisure boats.

After World War II, from the mid-1960s onwards, technological advances led to the appearance of ships similar to motorboats but with completely different designs: hydrofoils with different hull lifting systems, hovercraft, semi-submersibles, water jet boats with different propulsion systems, gas turbine boats with different engines, etc. These new types of ships have either replaced motorboats with performances that exceed those of motorboats, or opened up new applications, expanding the possibilities of ship technology.

[Morita Tomoharu]

[Reference items] | Hydrofoil | Hovercraft

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ガソリンエンジンなどの内燃機関で推進する比較的高速の小型舟艇をいう。滑走艇と排水量型に分類する。滑走艇はなるべく重量を軽くし、大馬力の推進機関によって高速を得、船底に作用する揚力を利用して前部の船底を水面上に露出し、後部船底を水面に接して飛ぶように滑走する。競走艇、高速のレジャーボートなどがある。長さ10メートルぐらいまではランナバウトrunaboutとよばれることもある。排水量型は、比較的速力が低く揚力は無視できる程度で、つねに浮力と重力がつり合っている。大部分のモーターボートはこの型式である。離島航路などの高速旅客艇、海上保安庁の巡視艇、水上警察の警備艇、地方自治体の漁業取締船、クルージング用のモーターヨット、交通艇、遊漁船、レジャーボートなど広範囲に使われている。滑走するほど速くはないが、25ノットから30ノットぐらいの船もある。内燃機関で推進する小型舟艇のうち、艀(はしけ)や土運船のような低速の貨物船はモーターボートとはよばない。

 エンジンの装備形態からは船外機outboard motorと通常の船内装備とに分けられる。小型・軽量のディーゼル機関をプロペラ、舵(かじ)と一体化し、船尾後方の船外に脱着できる構造にした船外機は、レジャーボートなど比較的高速の小型艇に広く採用されている。

 第二次世界大戦後、1960年代中ごろから、技術の発達に伴って、モーターボートに似てはいるが従来とはまったく異なる方式の船が現れた。船体浮揚方式が異なる水中翼船、ホバークラフト、半没水船、推進方式が異なるウォータージェット船、エンジンが異なるガスタービン船などである。これらの新しい形式の船は、あるいはモーターボートを超える性能によってそれにかわり、あるいは新しい用途を開いて船舶技術の可能性を広げている。

[森田知治]

[参照項目] | 水中翼船 | ホバークラフト

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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