Frank, T. (English spelling) FrankT

...The use of natural science methods from the late 19th century to the early 20th century produced views that emphasized natural factors, such as J. von Liebig and G. Simkhovitch, who believed that the decline was caused by the exhaustion of soil fertility, and E. Huntington, who argued that climate change was related to the decline, but these were sharply criticized by MI Rostovtzev. Advances in medicine and biology also led to attention being paid to human factors, leading to O. Seeck's theory of the "extinction of the best," and T. Frank and MP Nilsson's theories that argued that racial intermixing had made the Roman citizen body inferior, but these also came under severe criticism and fell into disuse, especially after the crimes of Nazism. AER Boak used the results of demography to develop a theory that the decline was mainly due to a labor shortage caused by a decrease in population. ...

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Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…自然科学的方法の援用は，19世紀末から20世紀初頭にかけて，地力消耗を没落原因とするJ.vonリービヒやシンコービチG.Simkhovitch，気候変動と没落の関連を説くE.ハンティントンらの自然的要因を重視する見解を生んだが，これらに対してはM.I.ロストフツェフによる鋭い批判がある。医学や生物学の進歩は人間的要因にも目を向けさせ，ゼークO.Seeckの〈最良者の絶滅〉論，人種混交によるローマ市民団の劣性化を説くフランクT.FrankやニルソンM.P.Nilssonの説を生んだが，これらも厳しい批判を浴び，ことにナチズムによる罪禍ののちは影を潜めた。ボークA.E.R.Boakは人口統計学の成果を援用して，人口減少による人力不足を主因とする没落論を展開した。…

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