Morgenthau, Hans Joachim

Japanese: モーゲンソー(英語表記)Morgenthau, Hans Joachim
Morgenthau, Hans Joachim
Born: February 17, 1904 in Coburg
[Died] July 19, 1980. Born in New York, Germany. American international political scientist. Studied at the universities of Berlin, Munich, and Frankfurt, and completed his doctoral studies at the University of Geneva. Entered the legal profession in 1927, and taught public law at the University of Geneva in 1932 while serving as acting president of the Frankfurt Labor Court. With the emergence of the A. Hitler regime, he fled to Madrid in 1935-36, and then to the United States. Taught at Brooklyn College from 1937 to 1939 and at Kansas City University from 1939 to 1943, and moved to the University of Chicago in 1943, where he became a professor of political science in 1949. He advocated a thoroughly realist policy from the standpoint of viewing international politics as a field of "power politics," and was a scathing critic of the US intervention in Vietnam. His main works include Politics among Nations (1948), "Politics in the 20th Century" (3 volumes, 62), and "Truth and Power" (70).

Morgenthau
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr.

Born: May 11, 1891 in New York
[Died] February 6, 1967, Poughkeepsie, New York. American politician. He studied at Cornell University for a time, but in 1913 he bought a farm and engaged in dairy farming and fruit growing. The farm was close to F. Roosevelt's house in Hyde Park, New York, and he became close friends with Roosevelt. He shared his political career with Roosevelt from 1929, when Roosevelt became Governor of New York, until his death. After Roosevelt became President in 1933, he served as Chairman of the Federal Agricultural Commission and Under Secretary of the Treasury, and served as Secretary of the Treasury from January 1934 to July 1945, and dealt with the New Deal policy and the expenses during World War II with a huge budget. In 1944, he created the Morgenthau Plan, which aimed to completely demilitarize and deindustrialize Germany (a plan to abolish the military industry in the Ruhr and Saar and transform the country into a country mainly based on agriculture and livestock). He retired in April 1945 after Roosevelt's death. He then moved to the farm and spent the rest of his life working for charity.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1904.2.17. コーブルク
[没]1980.7.19. ニューヨーク
ドイツ生れのアメリカの国際政治学者。ベルリン,ミュンヘン,フランクフルト各大学に学び,ジュネーブ大学大学院で博士課程を修了。 1927年法曹界に入り,フランクフルト労働法裁判所長官代行のかたわら,32年にはジュネーブ大学で公法を講じた。 A.ヒトラー政権の出現で 35~36年マドリードに逃れ,さらにアメリカに渡った。 37~39年ブルックリン・カレッジ,39~43年カンザスシティー大学で教え,43年シカゴ大学に移り,49年同大学政治学教授。国際政治を「権力政治」の場としてとらえる立場から徹底した現実主義の政策を説き,アメリカのベトナム介入を痛烈に批判した。主著『国際政治学』 Politics among Nations (1948) ,"Politics in the 20th Century" (3巻,62) ,"Truth and Power" (70) 。

モーゲンソー
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr.

[生]1891.5.11. ニューヨーク
[没]1967.2.6. ニューヨーク,ポキプシー
アメリカの政治家。一時コーネル大学で学んだが,1913年農園を買い,酪農,果樹栽培に従事した。この農園がニューヨーク州,ハイドパークの F.ルーズベルトの家の近くにあったことからルーズベルトと親しくなり,29年ルーズベルトのニューヨーク州知事就任以来,彼の死まで政治生命をともにした。 33年ルーズベルトの大統領就任後は連邦農業委員会委員長,財務次官などを経て,34年1月~45年7月財務長官をつとめ,ニューディール政策や第2次世界大戦中の経費には膨大な予算を組んで対処した。 44年ドイツの徹底的な非軍事化と非工業化を目指すモーゲンソー計画 (ルールとザールの軍需工業を廃棄させ,主として農牧の国に転換しようとする案) を立案した。 45年4月ルーズベルトの死後引退。その後は農園に移り,慈善事業に余生をおくった。

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