Criminal compensation - Keijihosho

Japanese: 刑事補償 - けいじほしょう
Criminal compensation - Keijihosho

It refers to compensation paid by the state to a person who has been found not guilty, acquitted, or dismissed from prosecution, or to a suspect in certain cases for detention, imprisonment, execution of a sentence, or detention. The Constitution recognizes the right to claim compensation for those found not guilty, and clarifies that criminal compensation is an obligation of the state (Article 40 of the Constitution). If a person found not guilty in the ordinary procedure, retrial, or extraordinary appeal procedure under the Code of Criminal Procedure, but has been detained or imprisoned pending a trial under the same Act, the Juvenile Act, or the Economic Research Agency Act (Act No. 206 of 1948), he/she may claim compensation for detention or imprisonment from the state (Article 1, Paragraph 1 of the Code of Criminal Compensation). If a person found not guilty in the procedure of appeal, retrial, or extraordinary appeal with the restoration of the right to appeal has already received the execution of a sentence under the original judgment, or has been detained under the provisions of Article 11, Paragraph 2 of the Code of Criminal Law (detention until execution of the death penalty), he/she may also claim compensation for execution of a sentence or detention (Article 1, Paragraph 2 of the Code of Criminal Compensation; see Paragraph 3). A person who has been acquitted or dismissed under the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law and who has sufficient grounds to believe that he or she would have been found innocent if there had been no acquittal or dismissal of charges may claim compensation from the state for detention, imprisonment, execution of sentence, or detention (Criminal Compensation Law, Article 25; see also Article 26). The compensation for detention or detention is paid in an amount ranging from 1,000 to 12,500 yen per day depending on the number of days, and the same applies to compensation for execution of imprisonment, incarceration, or detention. Compensation for execution of the death penalty is paid up to an amount of 30 million yen plus the amount of financial loss, and the compensation for execution of a fine or a petty fine is also stipulated (Criminal Compensation Law, Article 4). Even if criminal compensation has been awarded, a claim for state compensation (State Compensation Law, Article 1, Paragraph 1) may also be made (Criminal Compensation Law, Article 5, Paragraph 1). In addition, in the case of a person who has been detained or imprisoned as a suspect, if a public prosecutor decides not to institute prosecution and there is sufficient reason to believe that the person did not commit a crime, the public prosecutor shall provide compensation for the detention or imprisonment (Suspect Compensation Provisions, Article 2). Compensation shall be paid to the person in an amount ranging from 1,000 to 12,500 yen per day depending on the number of days of detention or imprisonment (Suspect Compensation Provisions, Article 3, Paragraph 1).

[Ichiro Uchida and Morikazu Taguchi]

[Reference items] | Detention | State compensation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

無罪・免訴・公訴棄却の裁判を受けた者、または被疑者に対し、一定の場合にその抑留、拘禁、刑の執行または拘置に対して国が行う補償をいう。憲法は無罪の裁判を受けた者に補償請求権を認め、刑事補償が国家の義務的なものであることを明らかにした(憲法40条)。刑事訴訟法による通常手続・再審または非常上告の手続において無罪の裁判を受けた者が、同法・少年法または経済調査庁法(昭和23年法律第206号)によって未決の抑留または拘禁を受けた場合には、その者は国に対して、抑留または拘禁による補償を請求することができる(刑事補償法1条1項)。上訴権回復による上訴、再審または非常上告の手続において、無罪の裁判を受けた者が、原判決によってすでに刑の執行を受け、または刑法第11条2項の規定による拘置(死刑執行までの拘置)を受けた場合にも、刑の執行または拘置による補償を請求することができる(刑事補償法1条2項。なお3項参照)。刑事訴訟法の規定による免訴または公訴棄却の裁判を受けた者であって、もし免訴または公訴棄却の裁判がなければ無罪の裁判を受けていたと認められる十分な事由があるときには、国に対して、抑留、拘禁、刑の執行、拘置による補償を請求することができる(刑事補償法25条、なお26条参照)。補償の内容は、抑留または拘禁による補償においては、その日数に応じて、1日1000円以上1万2500円以下の割合による額の補償金を交付し、懲役、禁錮もしくは拘留の執行または拘置による補償においても、同様である。死刑の執行による補償は、3000万円に財産上の損失額を加えた額の範囲内で交付し、罰金または科料の執行による補償についても、補償の内容が定められている(刑事補償法4条)。刑事補償があった場合でも、さらに国家賠償(国家賠償法1条1項)の請求もできる(刑事補償法5条1項)。なお、検察官は、被疑者として抑留または拘禁を受けた者につき、公訴を提起しない処分があった場合において、その者が罪を犯さなかったと認めるに足りる十分な事由があるときは、抑留または拘禁による補償をするものとする(被疑者補償規定2条)。補償は、抑留または拘禁の日数に応じ、1日1000円以上1万2500円以下の割合による額の補償金を本人に交付して行う(同規定3条1項)。

[内田一郎・田口守一]

[参照項目] | 拘禁 | 国家補償

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Geisha

>>:  Special Criminal Law - Keiji Tokubetsuho

Recommend

Foreign Military Sales Credits

(1) International Military Education and Training...

Anna Magnani

...This attitude of facing reality and focusing o...

Galago crassicaudatus (English spelling) Galagocrassicaudatus

...A general term for nocturnal prosimians belong...

Mound - Tsuka

It refers to a pile of earth, but there are also ...

Dodge line

The strict fiscal and monetary tightening policy i...

Modern Democratic Politics

...First of all, is democracy participation (poli...

Metaphore (English spelling)

…In other words, in order to maximize the evocati...

Popliteus disease - Popliteus disease

People who are thought to be in good health may su...

Kasturi magazine - Kasturi magazine

A popular entertainment publication published over...

Kakuyu - Kakuyu

A monk from the Heian period, commonly known as T...

Ewald tube

…A thin tube inserted into the stomach through th...

Alaskan wolf - Alaska wolf

...It seems that this subspecies is the one that ...

guard cell

…When plants, which originated in the water, move...

Iwakuni [city] - Iwakuni

A city in eastern Yamaguchi Prefecture. It was inc...

Raimondi (English spelling) Ruggero Raimondi

Italian bass-baritone. Born in Bologna. Studied v...