More, Sir Thomas

Japanese: モア（英語表記）More， Sir Thomas

Born: 7 February 1478, London
Died July 6, 1535, London. British humanist and politician. Born to a judge, he studied at Oxford University and then completed his law studies in London. While working as a judge and then as a politician, he studied the classics and formed friendships with Renaissance humanists such as Erasmus, whose Praise of Folly was written at More's house. He was highly trusted by King Henry VIII and became Lord Chancellor in 1529, but he resigned in 1532 after taking the side of the Church in the matter of the King's divorce, which displeased the King. He was later charged with treason and executed. He was canonized by the Catholic Church in 1535. His most famous work is Utopia (1516), a Latin book depicting an ideal communist society. His other works include The History of Richard III (c. 14) and a religious polemic book from a Catholic perspective. A central figure in the early days of the English Renaissance.

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More, Henry

Born: 12 October 1614, Grantham
Died September 1, 1687. British philosopher and religious poet from Cambridge. One of the Cambridge Platonists. During his time as a student at Cambridge, he was decisively influenced by the works of Plato and the mystic J. Mead. Initially he supported Descartes and there remains a correspondence between them, but later he opposed Descartes' mechanistic view of nature, believing it to lead to atheism. Influenced by J. Boehme and others, he turned to Kabbalah philosophy. His theory of space is said to have influenced Newton. His main works are "Psychozoia Platonica or a Platonicall Song of the Soul" (1642), "An Antidote against Atheism" (53), Enchiridion ethicum (67), and Enchiridium metaphysicum (71).

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More, Paul Elmer

Born: December 12, 1864 in St. Louis
[died] March 9, 1937. Princeton, New Jersey. American critic and classical scholar. Graduated from the University of Washington. After teaching Sanskrit and classical literature at Harvard University and other institutions, he entered journalism in 1901 and served as editor of The Nation magazine (1909-14). Together with Babbitt, he advocated "new humanism," rejected romanticism and naturalism, and stressed the need for tradition, classical education, and ethics. He engaged in lively debates with Mencken and others. His major works include Shelburne Essays (vol. 11, 04-21), The Greek Tradition (vol. 5, 21-31), and The Demon of the Absolute (28).

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Dinornithiformes; moas

A general term for birds of the order Moa. They once inhabited New Zealand, but are thought to have been almost extinct by the 14th century. Previously, when remains were examined, birds that differed in size depending on sex or habitat were considered different species, and it was thought that there were more than 20 species. However, research into the genes of discovered bones has led to a classification into 3 families and 9 species today. The largest was estimated to have been 3.6 meters tall, and the smallest was about the size of a turkey. Their wings had degenerated, making them unable to fly, but they had powerful legs. The name Moa is a word in the language of the indigenous Maori people. It is believed that the Maori's active hunting of these giant birds and the destruction of their habitat were some of the reasons for their extinction.

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More, Hannah

Born: 2 February 1745, Stapleton, Gloucestershire
[Died] September 7, 1833, Bristol British female playwright, novelist, and social activist. She was friends with the famous actor and his wife Garrick, and her plays were performed by Garrick. She was a member of the "Bluestockings," a group of talented women led by ER Montagu, and was known for her work in relief of the poor and for her political pamphlets.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1478.2.7. ロンドン
[没]1535.7.6. ロンドン
イギリスの人文主義者，政治家。裁判官の子に生れ，オックスフォード大学に学んだのち，ロンドンで法律を修めた。裁判官，次いで政治家として活動するかたわら，古典を研究し，エラスムスらルネサンス期の人文主義者と親交を結び，エラスムスの『痴愚神礼賛』はモアの家で執筆された。国王ヘンリー8世の信任厚く，1529年大法官となったが，国王の離婚問題に関して教会の側に立ったため，王の不興を買い 32年辞任。のち反逆罪に問われ処刑された。 1935年カトリック教会によって聖人の列に加えられた。共産的理想社会を描いたラテン語の著作『ユートピア』 Utopia (1516) が代表作。ほかに『リチャード3世の生涯』 The History of Richard III (14頃) ，カトリックの立場からする宗教論争書がある。イギリス・ルネサンス黎明期の中心人物。

モア
More， Henry

[生]1614.10.12. グランサム
[没]1687.9.1. ケンブリッジ
イギリスの哲学者，宗教詩人。ケンブリッジ・プラトニストの一人。ケンブリッジ大学の学生時代にプラトンおよび神秘主義者 J.ミードの著作に接し決定的な影響を受けた。当初はデカルト支持者でデカルトとの往復書簡も残されているが，のちにその機械論的自然観が無神論にいたるとして反対し，J.ベーメなどの影響からカバラ哲学に向った。その空間論はニュートンに影響したといわれる。主著"Psychozoia Platonica or a Platonicall Song of the Soul" (1642) ，"An Antidote against Atheism" (53) ，『倫理学便覧』 Enchiridion ethicum (67) ，『形而上学便覧』 Enchiridium metaphysicum (71) 。

モア
More， Paul Elmer

[生]1864.12.12. セントルイス
[没]1937.3.9. ニュージャージー，プリンストン
アメリカの批評家，古典学者。ワシントン大学卒業。ハーバード大学などでサンスクリット語と古典文学を教えたのち，1901年ジャーナリズムの世界に入り，『ネーション』誌の主幹 (1909～14) をつとめた。バビットとともに「新ヒューマニズム」を唱え，ロマン主義，自然主義を排して，伝統，古典的教養，倫理性の必要を説き，メンケンらと活発な論争を展開した。主著『シェルバーン・エッセーズ』 Shelburne Essays (11巻，04～21) ，『ギリシアの伝統』 The Greek Tradition (5巻，21～31) ，『絶対の悪魔』 The Demon of the Absolute (28) 。

モア
Dinornithiformes; moas

モア目の鳥の総称。かつてニュージーランドに生息していたが，14世紀にはほとんど絶滅していたと考えられている。遺物を調べ，以前は雌雄や生息時期により大きさが異なるものは異種とみなされ，20種以上もいたと考えられたが，発見されている骨の遺伝子による研究から，今日では 3科 9種に分類されている。最大のものは頭高 3.6m，最小のものでもシチメンチョウぐらいの大きさであったと推定されている。翼が退化して飛翔力はなく，強大な脚をもっていた。モアという名は，先住民のマオリ族の言語である。マオリ族が盛んにこの巨大な鳥を狩っていたことや，生息環境を破壊したことが絶滅の一因とされる。

モア
More， Hannah

[生]1745.2.2. グロスターシャー，ステイプルトン
[没]1833.9.7. ブリストル
イギリスの女流劇作家，小説家，社会運動家。名優ガリック夫妻と親交があり，その作品はガリックによって上演された。 E.R.モンタギューを中心とする才女のグループ「ブルーストッキング」の一員で，貧民救済に尽し，政治パンフレットでも知られる。

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