Horsefly - Umabae

Japanese: ウマバエ - うまばえ
Horsefly - Umabae

This insect belongs to the family Bocidae, suborder Cyclorrhagy, order Diptera, class Insecta. It is a large species among flies, with a body length of 12 to 17 millimeters. Its body is yellowish brown and covered with yellow soft hairs, and at first glance it resembles a bee or hoverfly. Its mouthparts are degenerate and its scales are small. The third longitudinal vein of the wing is straight. Adults emerge once a year, and lay eggs on the hair of horses' legs or abdomen without eating. When stimulated by the horse's licking, the larvae crawl out of the egg shell and enter the horse's mouth. The first-instar larvae remain in the oral cavity for a time, and after 3 to 4 weeks reach the stomach, where they attach to the stomach wall or duodenal wall with their mouth hooks, absorbing nutrients and maturing. Mature larvae have many spines on the surface of their bodies and are excreted with feces, burrowing into the soil to pupate. After 3 to 10 weeks, new adults emerge. They are found in horse breeding areas around the world, but are a rare species in Japan. Many botfly flies are found in the Asian and African continents, where there are many herbivorous hosts, so foreign species are often found among animals imported from these regions to Japanese zoos.

[Hiroshi Kurahashi]

Major types of flies (1) The omental group - valvate flies [specimen drawing]
©Tatsuo Ikeda ©Kenzo Otawa ©Kei Daishoji ">

Major types of flies (1) Buccal group - petals-winged…


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

昆虫綱双翅(そうし)目環縫亜目ウマバエ科に属する昆虫。ハエ類中では大形種で、体長12~17ミリメートル。体は黄褐色で、体表は黄色の軟毛で覆われ、一見ハチやハナアブに似ている。口器は退化し、鱗弁(りんべん)も小さい。翅脈の第3縦脈は直線的である。成虫は1年に1回発生し、食物をとることなく、ウマの足や腹部の毛に産卵する。幼虫は、ウマになめられた刺激で卵殻からはい出て、ウマの口中に入る。1齢幼虫は口腔(こうこう)内に一時とどまったのち、3~4週間後に胃に達して、胃壁や十二指腸壁に口鉤(くちかぎ)で付着し、栄養を吸収して成熟する。成熟幼虫は体表に多くの棘(とげ)をもち、糞(ふん)とともに排出され、土中に潜って蛹化(ようか)する。3~10週間後に新成虫が羽化する。世界中のウマの産地に分布するが、日本ではまれな種である。ウマバエ科のハエの多くは、宿主となる草食動物が多産するアジア大陸、アフリカ大陸に分布するので、これらの地域から日本の動物園に輸入された動物に、外国産の種類がしばしばみつかる。

[倉橋 弘]

ハエのおもな種類(1)有額嚢群―有弁翅蠅類〔標本画〕
©池田達夫 ©大多和鐘三 ©大聖寺慶">

ハエのおもな種類(1)有額嚢群―有弁翅…


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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