An ancient Palestinian city overlooking the Plain of Esdraelon. It is located about 30 km south-southeast of Haifa and was a strategic military and trade center. Its Arabic name is Tell al-Muteselim. It is now a ruin. Excavations were carried out from 1925 to 1939. The oldest settlement is said to date to the early 4th millennium BC. Throughout the Bronze Age, it flourished as a city-state with thick walls, gates, palaces, and temples, and appears in the Egyptian Amarna Letters. Around 1468 BC, a battle was fought below the castle between the army of Thutmose III of Egypt and the Canaanite coalition. The discovery of early Phoenician-style ivory carvings indicates that it continued to prosper even after becoming a vassal state of Egypt. It later became a fortified city for the Israelites, and was developed as a military base by Solomon. It was destroyed by attacks by Egyptian Pharaoh Sheshonq I (c. 930 BC), Assyrian Pharaoh Tiglath-Pileser III (733 BC), and Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II (609 BC), but the town survived until about 450 BC. In 2005, it was inscribed on the World Heritage List as one of the Biblical Tells, along with Hazor and Beersheba. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エスドラエロン平野を見おろす古代パレスチナの都市。ハイファの南南東約 30kmにあり,軍事上,交易上の要衝。アラブ名テルアルムテセリム。現在は遺跡。 1925~39年に発掘調査が行なわれた。最古の村落は前4千年紀の初期とされる。青銅器時代を通じて,厚い城壁,城門,宮殿,神殿などを備えた都市国家として栄え,エジプトのアマルナ文書にも現れる。前 1468年頃には城下でエジプトのトゥトモス3世の軍とカナン連合軍との間で戦いが行なわれた。エジプトの属国となってからも繁栄したことは初期のフェニキア風象牙細工の出土が示している。のちイスラエル人の城塞都市となり,ソロモンによって軍事基地として整備された。エジプトのシェションク1世 (前 930頃) ,アッシリアのティグラト=ピレゼル3世 (前 733) ,エジプトのネコ2世 (前 609) の攻撃によって破壊されたが,町は前 450年頃まで存続した。 2005年聖書のテル群として,ハゾル,ベールシェバとともに世界遺産に登録された。
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