polyud'e (English spelling) polyude

Japanese: polyud'e（英語表記）polyude

… From the 9th to the mid-10th century, princes traveled around the local settlements with armed vassals, relaying orders and conducting simple trials. During the winter-spring itinerant tribute (polyud'e), when tributes were collected in the form of various animal furs and skins, such as martens, beavers, and squirrels, honey, and beeswax, the inhabitants had to provide food for the prince and his vassals and fodder for their horses. However, by the mid-11th century, especially in the developed areas around Kiev, the number of hereditary lands for princes and nobles increased, and land administrators, stewards, and itinerant tribute collectors also appeared, gradually establishing a system for managing estates. …

From [Hospitality]

…Early princes led bands of soldiers on tours of their territories from autumn to winter, just after the harvest, to receive hospitality and collect tribute. This system was called polyud'e (patrols). Some say that this system developed especially because the ancient Russians generally lived in sparsely populated forests, and thus the practice of providing food and a place to rest for travelers. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "polyud'e" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　9～10世紀半ばまでの諸公は，武装した従士団を率いて各地の住民集落を回り歩き，命令を伝達しながら簡単な裁判を行った。テン，ビーバー，リスなど各種の毛皮･獣皮，蜂蜜，蜜蠟などを貢税として徴集する冬から春への巡回徴貢(ポリュージエpolyud’e)の際には，住民は公や従士に食料を提供し，馬にかいばをやらなければならなかった。ところが，11世紀半ばになると，とくにキエフ周辺の先進地帯では，公や貴族の世襲地が増え，領地管理人，執事，巡回徴貢人なども現れて所領経営のしくみがしだいに整ってくる。…

【もてなし】より

…初期の公たちは従士団を率いて収穫が終わった直後の秋から冬にかけて領域内の土地を巡回し，もてなしを受けるとともに貢税の徴収にあたった。この制度はポリュージエpolyud’e(巡民)と呼ばれた。古い時代のロシア人が概して住む人もまばらな森の中に住んだところから，旅人に食物と憩いの場を提供するならわしがとくに発達したとする説もある。…

※「polyud'e」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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