Upas - Upas (English spelling)

Japanese: ウパス - うぱす(英語表記)upas
Upas - Upas (English spelling)

It is an evergreen tree of the mulberry family (APG classification: Moraceae), some of which can reach a height of 70 meters. It has alternate, oblong, entire leaves, separate male and female flowers, and a fig-sized fruit with one seed inside. It is famous for the latex that comes from the bark, which is used as an arrow poison. When a hole is made in the trunk, a viscous latex comes out. When this is dried into a dark brown gum resin, it becomes an arrow poison called upas antialis or upas ipoh in Southeast Asia. If the latex enters the bloodstream, it becomes fatally toxic, but if taken internally, it is not toxic, so there is no need to cut off the flesh around the wound of animals killed with it. The glycoside anchiarin contained in it has a strong digitalis-like effect on the heart, so if used in small amounts it becomes a drug that stimulates the heart and circulatory system, but if used in large amounts it becomes a myocardial poison. The seeds are used as an antipyretic and antidiarrheal agent. The bark produces strong fibers that are used for sacks, ropes, and mats. It is found in Myanmar (Burma), southern India, Sri Lanka, the Malay Peninsula, and Indonesia.

[Motoo Nagasawa December 13, 2019]

[References] | Digitalis

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

クワ科(APG分類:クワ科)の常緑高木で、高さが70メートルに達するものもある。長楕円(ちょうだえん)形全縁の葉を互生し、雄花と雌花は別々につき、果実はイチジク大で中に1種子をもつ。樹皮から出る乳液を矢毒として用いるので有名である。幹に穴をあけると粘性のある乳液が出てくる。これを乾燥して暗褐色のゴム樹脂としたものが東南アジアでウパスアンチアリスとかウパスイポーと称される矢毒である。乳液が血管に入ると致死的な毒性を現すが、内服した場合には毒性を示さないので、これで殺した動物の傷口付近の肉を切り捨てる必要はない。含まれているアンチアリンという配糖体が心臓に対してジギタリス(ゴマノハグサ科の植物)様の強い作用をもつので、少量用いると心臓と循環系を興奮させる薬となり、多量では心筋毒となる。種子は解熱、止瀉(ししゃ)剤として用いられる。樹皮からはじょうぶな繊維がとれ、袋布、縄、敷物に用いる。ミャンマー(ビルマ)、インド南部、スリランカ、マレー半島、インドネシアに分布する。

[長沢元夫 2019年12月13日]

[参照項目] | ジギタリス

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