Kangien

Japanese: 咸宜園 - かんぎえん
Kangien

This school was founded in 1817 (Bunka 14) by the late Edo period educator Hirose Tanso in his hometown of Hita, Bungo Province (Hita City, Oita Prefecture). Its predecessor was Keirinso, and its predecessor was Seishosha. The "Kan'i" in Kan'i-en is a character found in the Book of Songs, and is read as "Kotogo Toku Yoroshi" and "Mina Yoroshi." These words "Kotogo Toku Yoroshi" and "Mina Yoroshi" succinctly express Tanso's educational spirit. Firstly, it embodied a spirit of not refusing admission to anyone, and was open to all classes of samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants. Secondly, Kan'i implies a spirit of respect for individuality. The class system at Kan'i-en started with no rank and students were promoted in stages from rank 1 to rank 9, but each rank was further divided into upper and lower ranks, so in the end there were 19 ranks in total. All newcomers were placed in the rank of no rank regardless of their academic ability, age, or status, and this was called the Sandatsu method. Tanso's spirit of fairness and selflessness in education can be seen in this Sandatsu method.

Kan'i-en was continued by Tanso's disciples after his death and continued until 1893 (Meiji 26). At its peak, the school had over 3,000 students, including Takano Choei, Omura Masujiro, Chosanshu, Okuma Kotomichi, and Hakura Kan'do.

[Tetsushi Furukawa]

Kan'i-en
Nationally designated historic site Hita City, Oita Prefecture © Tourism Oita Public Interest Incorporated Association ">

Kan'i-en


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

江戸後期の教育家広瀬淡窓(たんそう)が、1817年(文化14)にその郷里豊後(ぶんご)国日田(大分県日田市)に創設した学塾。前身を桂林荘(けいりんそう)、そのまた前身を成章舎といった。咸宜園の「咸宜」は『詩経』にある文字で、「コトゴトクヨロシ」「ミナヨロシ」と訓(よ)む。この「コトゴトクヨロシ」「ミナヨロシ」というところに淡窓の教育精神が端的に示されている。すなわち、第一に、それにはなんぴとの入門をも拒まないという精神が打ち出されており、士農工商の各階層に開放された。第二に、咸宜には個性尊重の精神が含意されている。咸宜園の学級制度は、無級から始まり、順次一級から九級まで昇級するようになっていたが、その各級がまた上下に分かれていたので、結局、全部で19級あった。入門者は学力、年齢、地位のいかんを問わず、まず無級に入れられたが、これを三奪(さんだつ)法と称した。この三奪法に、淡窓の公平無私な教育精神がくみ取られよう。

 咸宜園は淡窓の没後も弟子に引き継がれて、1893年(明治26)まで続く。最盛期には門人3000人を超え、高野長英(ちょうえい)、大村益次郎(ますじろう)、長三洲(ちょうさんしゅう)、大隈言通(おおくまことみち)、羽倉簡堂(はくらかんどう)らを輩出した。

[古川哲史]

咸宜園
国指定史跡 大分県日田市©公益社団法人ツーリズムおおいた">

咸宜園


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