Miletus

Japanese: ミレトス（英語表記）Milētos; Miletus

An ancient Greek city on the southwest coast of Asia Minor. Located south of present-day Sakei, Turkey. Turkish name: Balat. It is believed to have been inhabited as far back as the Minoan civilization. Homer says it was the home of the Carians who fought against the Achaeans. According to legend, the founder of the Greek city was Nereus of Pylos. Located on the Aegean coast, at the mouth of the Maeander River, it flourished as an export port for Anatolian goods. The largest city in Eastern Greece was Naucrates in Egypt, and more than 60 colonies (apoikia) were established along the Black Sea coast and elsewhere. The main ones were Abydos, Cyzicus, Sinope, Olbia, and Panchkapaeion. Around 499 BC, it led a revolt of Ionian cities, but was defeated by Persia. After the Persian Wars, it became a member of the Delian League, but defected in 412 BC. It was conquered by Alexander III (the Great) in 334 BC. It later maintained friendly relations with the Hellenistic dynasties, and maintained its importance as a trading port until the reign of Emperor Trajan in the Roman era, but as the port gradually became eroded by silt, it declined, and by the 6th century it was in ruins. Before the 5th century BC, it was an advanced cultural city, producing such philosophers as Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, and Hecataeus of the Milesian School (→Ionian School). In the 5th century BC, Hippodamus, the designer of the Piraeus in Athens, the poet Timotheus, and Aspasia, the lover of Pericles, were also famous for being from here.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

小アジア南西岸の古代ギリシアの都市。現トルコのサケイ南方に位置する。トルコ名バラト。居住年代はミノア文明にまでさかのぼると考えられる。ホメロスはアカイア人と戦ったカリア人の居住地と伝える。伝承によれば，ギリシア系都市としての創始者はピュロスのネレウスであった。エーゲ海沿岸，マイアンドロス河口に位置し，アナトリアの物資の輸出港として栄えた。東ギリシア最大の都市としてエジプトのナウクラテスをはじめとして，黒海沿岸などに 60以上の植民市 (アポイキア ) を建設。主要なものとして，アビドス，キュジコス，シノペ，オルビア，パンチカパイオンなどがある。前 499年頃にはイオニア諸都市の反乱を率いたが，ペルシアに敗北。ペルシア戦争後は，デロス同盟の一員となったが，前 412年に離反。前 334年アレクサンドロス3世 (大王) に征服された。その後，ヘレニズム諸王朝と友好を保ち，ローマ時代にはトラヤヌス帝治世まで，貿易港としての重要性を保っていたが，次第に港が土砂に浸食されるにつれて衰退し，6世紀頃には廃虚と化した。前5世紀以前には先進文化都市として，タレス，アナクシマンドロス，アナクシメネス，ヘカタイオスらのミレトス学派 (→イオニア学派 ) の哲学者を輩出し，前5世紀頃もアテネのピレウスの設計者ヒッポダモス，詩人チモテオス，ペリクレスの愛人アスパシアらが当地出身として有名である。

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