Millet, Jean François

Japanese: ミレー（英語表記）Millet， Jean François

Born: 4 October 1814, Gruchy near Greville
Died January 20, 1875. Barbizon. French painter. Born as the eldest son of a farming family, he helped with farming as a boy. He began studying painting at the age of 19, but stopped in 1835 when his father died. In 1836, he resumed his studies in Cherbourg, and in 1837, he received a scholarship and went to Paris to study under P. Delaroche. He also studied the works of H. Daumier and N. Poussin at the Louvre. In his early years, he produced mythological, genre and portrait paintings, but in his work The Sievers (National Gallery, London), which was exhibited at the Salon in 1848, he first featured the "peasant," which became his basic subject. In 1849, he moved from Paris to the small village of Barbizon (→ Barbizon School), and became friends with T. Rousseau and C. Corot. While battling poverty, he produced a series of works that were based on peasant life with sincerity, and established a style that exudes a unique poetic emotion and melancholic atmosphere. In 1868, he was awarded the Légion d'honneur. In 1874, he received a commission from the government to paint decorative paintings for the Pantheon chapel, but died of illness before he could begin work. He also left behind drawings and pastels. His major works include The Sower (1850, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Yamanashi Prefectural Museum of Art), The Gleaners (1857, Musee d'Orsay), and The Angelus (1859, same institution).

Millet
Millay, Edna St. Vincent

Born February 22, 1892 in Rockland, Maine.
[died] October 19, 1950. Austerlitz, New York. American female poet and playwright. She gained recognition for her lyric poem Renascence (1912), and published her first collection of poems, Renascence and Other Poems, in 1917. In the same year, she graduated from Vassar College, and moved to New York to join the Provincetown Theatre Company, where she appeared on stage as an actress and wrote plays such as The Princess Marries the Page (18). She established herself as a lyric poet with Second April (21) and The Harp Weaver (23, Pulitzer Prize winner), and subsequently published many collections of poems, including Conversation at Midnight (37). Her Collected Poems (57) and Letters (52) were published posthumously.

Millet
Millais, Sir John Everett, Baronet

Born: June 8, 1829, Southampton
[Died] August 13, 1896, London. British painter and illustrator. He moved to London in 1838 and entered the Royal Academy School at the age of 11 in 1840, winning every award the Academy awarded while he was there. In 1848, together with his friends D. Rossetti and W. Hunt, he founded the Pre-Raphaelite movement, developing a sophisticated style of painting based on a fresh contemplation of nature. His major works from this period include Christ at the Carpenter's Workshop (1850, Tate Gallery, London), Ophelia (1852, same), and The Blind Girl (1856, Birmingham Art Gallery). He continued to produce many portraits, historical paintings, and genre paintings, but from around 1863 his style gradually became more academic. He was made a baron in 1885 and president of the Royal Academy in 1896.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1814.10.4. グレビル近郊グリュシー
[没]1875.1.20. バルビゾン
フランスの画家。農家の長男として生れ少年時代農業を手伝った。 19歳から絵の修業を始めて 1835年父の死で中止したが，36年シェルブールで再び絵を学び，37年奨学金を得てパリに行き P.ドラロッシュに師事した。またルーブル美術館で H.ドーミエや N.プーサンの作品を研究。初期には神話画，風俗画，肖像画を制作していたが，48年のサロン出品作『籾 (もみ) をふるう人』 (ロンドン，ナショナル・ギャラリー) において，彼の基本的な画題となった「農民」が初めて出現する。 49年パリから小村のバルビゾン (→バルビゾン派 ) に移住，T.ルソーや C.コローと親交を結ぶ。貧困とたたかいながら真摯な態度で農民生活に取材した一連の作品を制作し，独特の詩的情感とメランコリックな雰囲気の漂う作風を確立した。 68年レジオン・ドヌール勲章受章。 74年政府からパンテオンの礼拝堂に装飾画の注文を受けたが，着手しないうちに病没。素描やパステル画も残した。主要作品『種をまく人』 (1850，ボストン美術館，山梨県立美術館) ，『落穂拾い』 (57，オルセー美術館) ，『晩鐘』 (59，同) 。

ミレー
Millay， Edna St. Vincent

[生]1892.2.22. メーン，ロックランド
[没]1950.10.19. ニューヨーク，オーステリッツ
アメリカの女流詩人，劇作家。抒情詩『再生』 (1912) によって認められ，1917年には最初の詩集『再生その他』 Renascence and Other Poemsを出版。同年バッサー女子大学を卒業し，ニューヨークに出てプロビンスタウン劇団に加わり，女優として舞台に立ち，『王女と小姓との結婚』 The Princess Marries the Page (18) などの戯曲を書いた。『2度目の4月』 Second April (21) ，『竪琴をつくる者』 The Harp Weaver (23，ピュリッツァー賞) で抒情詩人としての地位を確立し，その後『真夜中の会話』 Conversation at Midnight (37) など多くの詩集を出した。死後に『全詩集』 Collected Poems (57) ，『書簡集』 Letters (52) が出版された。

ミレー
Millais， Sir John Everett， Baronet

[生]1829.6.8. サウサンプトン
[没]1896.8.13. ロンドン
イギリスの画家，挿絵画家。 1838年ロンドンに出て 40年に 11歳でロイヤル・アカデミー・スクールに入学し，在学中にアカデミーのすべての賞を獲得。 48年友人 D.ロセッティ，W.ハントらとともにラファエル前派の運動を起し，新鮮な自然観照に基づく精緻な画風を展開。この時期の主要作品は『大工の仕事場のキリスト』 (1850，ロンドン，テート・ギャラリー) ，『オフィーリア』 (52，同) ，『盲目の少女』 (56，バーミンガム市立美術館) 。その後も多くの肖像画，歴史画，風俗画を制作したが，63年頃から作風は次第にアカデミックな傾向を強めた。 85年男爵，96年ロイヤル・アカデミー総裁。

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