Milan Cathedral - Duomo di Milano

Japanese: ミラノ大聖堂 - みらのだいせいどう(英語表記)Duomo di Milano
Milan Cathedral - Duomo di Milano

The largest Gothic church in Italy. Construction began in 1386 at the suggestion of Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1351-1402), the first Duke of Milan. Many local and foreign architects participated in the construction. There were repeated disputes between local and foreign architects over the design, but the traditional styles of the north and south were not harmoniously integrated in the building. The large structure, with its five-aisled nave, three-aisled transept, chancel with ambulatory, and polygonal apse, was completed and dedicated in 1572. However, the west façade was left unfinished until it was completed in 1805-09 by order of Napoleon I. The total length of the building from east to west is 146 meters, and the width of the transept from north to south is 90 meters.

The overall interior structure follows the Northern Gothic style, but for example, the ceilings of the side aisles are too high, so there is no triforium (an arcade facing the nave), and the nave is small, so it has a significantly different atmosphere from Gothic cathedrals in France and England. The interior is a vast single space, except for the two sacristies, and the vaulting that covers it is supported by 52 piled columns, the capitals of which are replaced by statues with canopies. The exterior is extremely luxurious, decorated with turrets, spires, and more than 2,000 statues since the end of the 14th century, but the combination of designs is too complicated and the lack of unity is often pointed out.

[Katsuya Hamatani]

[References] | Duomo Square
Milan Cathedral
It is a symbol of Milan and a representative Gothic building in Italy. Construction began in 1386 and was completed in 1809 by order of Napoleon. In front of the cathedral is Duomo Square. Milan, Italy ©Shogakukan ">

Milan Cathedral


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアで最大規模のゴシック教会堂。初代ミラノ公ジャン・ガレアッツォ・ビスコンティGian Galeazzo Visconti(1351―1402)の発案により1386年に起工され、工事には現地のみならずアルプス以北の国々からも多くの建築家が参画した。設計の面で現地と外来の建築家の間に執拗(しつよう)な論争が繰り返されたが、南北の伝統様式がこの建造物において調和のとれた総合をみせるには至らなかった。五廊式身廊、三廊式翼廊、周歩廊付き内陣、それに多角形アプス(後陣)が加わる平面プランの大建造物が完成・献堂されたのは1572年であった。ただし西ファサードは、ナポレオン1世の命によって1805~09年に完成されるまで、未完のまま残されていた。ちなみにこの建物の東西の全長は146メートル、翼廊部の南北の幅は90メートルに達する。

 内部の全般的構成は北方ゴシック様式にのっとっているが、たとえば側廊の天井が高すぎるためにトリフォリウム(身廊に面して設けられるアーケード)がなくなり、また明層(あかりそう)も小さいので、フランスやイギリスのゴシック聖堂とは著しく趣(おもむき)の異なったものとなっている。堂内は、二つの聖器室を除いて、広大な単一空間であり、これを覆う穹窿(きゅうりゅう)は52本の積柱で支えられ、それらの柱頭は天蓋(てんがい)を架した立像で代用されている。外側は小塔、尖塔(せんとう)および14世紀末以来の2000体以上の立像で装われ、きわめて豪華であるが、デザインの組合せがあまりに繁雑で、統一感の欠如がしばしば指摘されている。

[濱谷勝也]

[参照項目] | ドゥオモ広場
ミラノ大聖堂
ミラノの象徴であり、イタリアにおけるゴシック様式を代表する建築物。1386年に起工され、1809年にナポレオンの命により完成をみた。聖堂前はドゥオモ広場。イタリア ミラノ©Shogakukan">

ミラノ大聖堂


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