Miyazaki Prefecture - Miyazaki

Japanese: 宮崎[県] - みやざき

A prefecture located in the southeastern part of Kyushu, facing the Hyuga Sea. The prefectural capital is Miyazaki City. It covers ^{an area of 7,735.31 km2} . It has a population of 1,135,233 (2010). [History] Formerly Hyuga Province, it is said to be the legendary site of the founding of Japan, and with over 2,000 ancient tombs remaining, it is thought to have been one of the centers of ancient culture. During the Taika Reforms, the Hyuga Kokufu, Kokubunji Temple, and Kokubunji Nunnery were established in Saito City. During the Heian period, vast estates such as Shimazu Manor and Usa Jingu Territory developed, and the Shimazu Clan later expanded their influence, controlling Hyuga, Osumi, and Satsuma. In the early modern period, the Shimazu Clan's Kagoshima Domain, as well as the domains of Obi, Takanabe, Nobeoka, Sadowara, and Hitoyoshi, divided and ruled the area. In 1871, seven prefectures were established, and in 1873, Miyazaki Prefecture was established. In 1876, it was merged into Kagoshima Prefecture, but separated in 1883. [Nature] The northern half and western part of the prefecture are covered by the Kyushu Mountains, which are made up of Paleozoic strata, the southwest by the Kirishima volcanic group, and the southern part by the Wanitsuka Mountains. The Miyakonojo Basin is located in the eastern part of the Kirishima Mountains. The Gokase River, Mimigawa River, Hitotsuse River, and Oyodo River flow eastward through the mountains, creating alluvial lowlands downstream, the largest of which is the Miyazaki Plain. The coast is monotonous, but there are small bends in the north and south of the prefecture. Due to the influence of the Kuroshio Current, it has a warm, rainy Pacific coastal climate, and subtropical plants grow on the southern coast. It is often damaged by typhoons. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 12.7% primary, 22.8% secondary, and 63.6% tertiary (2005), with the proportion of primary industries being high. Livestock farming accounts for more than 50% of the gross agricultural production, with pig and poultry farming being particularly popular. Early rice cultivation is widespread. In the southern coastal areas, where there is almost no frost, early cultivation of green peppers, pumpkins, cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons, and other crops is popular and shipped to Kitakyushu and Hanshin. Tea and tobacco are cultivated in the basins and mountains, and early mandarin oranges and other citrus fruits are cultivated from the Miyazaki Plain to the southern part of the prefecture, while dairy farming is carried out in the foothills of the Kirishima mountains. Forests account for 76% of the total area, and there are relatively many national forests. The prefecture produces a lot of timber, including Obi cedar, which is famous for shipbuilding, and its shiitake mushrooms are also famous nationwide. The fishing industry is mainly sardine, mackerel, and yellowtail fishing along the coast and inshore waters in the north of the prefecture, and bonito and tuna fishing in the south. Horse mackerel and flying fish are also caught, and pearls and yellowtail are also cultivated, but due to the monotony of the coastline, it is not very successful. In mining, natural gas is developed in the Miyazaki Plain and used for city gas. In industry, chemicals in Nobeoka and pulp in Nichinan are mass-produced in large factories, and in recent years high-tech companies such as electrical and electronics companies have moved into the Miyazaki City area. There are also small and medium-sized factories in the food and wood industries. There are many tourist spots such as Mount Kirishima in Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park, Aoshima, Udo Shrine, Cape Toi, Takachiho Gorge in Sobosan National Park, and Saitobaru Burial Mounds in the Miyazaki Plain, and with the development of the high-speed transportation network, resort development is progressing. [Transportation] The Nippo Main Line and National Route 10 that run along the coast are the main routes, and the Nichinan Line, Kitto Line, Miyazaki Expressway, and Higashi Kyushu Expressway run to the south. The Kyushu mountain range is relatively inconvenient, but with the development of bus transportation, isolated areas such as Shiiba and Mera have opened up. There is Miyazaki Airport for air travel, and long-distance car ferries operate from Miyazaki City.
→ Related article Kyushu region | Hiyajiru (cold soup)

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

九州地方南東部，日向灘(ひゅうがなだ)に面する県。県庁所在地は宮崎市。7735.31km²。113万5233人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての日向国で，日本建国伝説の地とされ，2000を越える古墳が残り上代文化の一中心であったとみられる。大化改新のとき西都(さいと)市の地に日向国府・国分寺・国分尼寺が置かれた。平安時代には島津庄や宇佐神宮領など広大な荘園が発達，のち島津氏が勢力を広げ，日向，大隅，薩摩を支配した。近世には島津氏の鹿児島藩をはじめ，飫肥(おび)，高鍋，延岡，佐土原，人吉の諸藩が分割統治。1871年７県が置かれ，1873年宮崎県となった。1876年鹿児島県に合併されたが1883年分離。〔自然〕　北半部と西部は古生層からなる九州山地，南西部は霧島火山群，南部は鰐塚(わにつか)山地が占める山がちな地形で，霧島山東部に都城(みやこのじょう)盆地がある。山地を刻んで五ヶ瀬川，耳川，一ッ瀬川，大淀川などが東流，下流に沖積低地をつくり，その最大は宮崎平野である。海岸は単調だが，県北と県南に小屈曲がある。黒潮の影響もあり温暖多雨の太平洋岸式気候を呈し，南部海岸には亜熱帯植物も生育する。台風の被害が多い。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次12.7％，第２次22.8％，第３次63.6％（2005）で，第１次の比重が高い。農業粗生産額の50％以上を畜産が占め，特に養豚・養鶏が盛ん。米は早期栽培が普及。南部海岸地域では無霜に近いため，ピーマン，カボチャ，キュウリ，トマト，スイカなどの早期栽培が盛んで，北九州や阪神へ出荷。盆地や山地で茶，タバコ，宮崎平野から南部にかけては早生ミカンをはじめとした柑橘類が栽培され，霧島山麓では酪農が行われる。森林面積は全面積の76％を占め，国有林が比較的多く，造船用として有名な飫肥杉をはじめ用材を多産し，シイタケも全国的に有名。水産業は県北の沿岸・近海のイワシ・サバ・ブリ漁，県南のカツオ・マグロ漁業が主で，アジ，トビウオも漁獲，真珠・ハマチ養殖も行われるが，海岸線が単調なためあまり振るわない。鉱業では宮崎平野で天然ガスが開発され都市ガスに利用される程度。工業は延岡の化学，日南のパルプが大工場で量産を行うほか，近年は宮崎市周辺に電機・電子などのハイテクノロジー企業が進出している。中小工場による食品や木材工業もある。霧島錦江湾国立公園の霧島山，日南海岸国定公園の青島，鵜戸神宮，都井岬，祖母傾国定公園の高千穂峡，宮崎平野の西都原(さいとばる)古墳群など観光地が多く，高速交通網の整備に伴い，リゾート開発が進展する。〔交通〕　海岸沿いに通じる日豊本線と国道10号線が幹線で，南部に日南線，吉都(きっと)線，宮崎自動車道，東九州自動車道が通じる。九州山地は比較的不便であるが，バス交通の発達とともに椎葉，米良(めら)など隔絶地といわれた地も開けてきた。空路では宮崎空港があり，宮崎市からは長距離カーフェリーが就航。
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