Imperial family - Miyake

A family of the imperial family that was granted the title of Miya by the emperor. Miyake began in the late Heian period when princely families were given the title of Miya, and the first were the son and grandson of Emperor Gotoba, who was proclaimed prince and called himself Rokujonomiya. In the Kamakura period, the son and grandson of Emperor Gosaga and Gofukakusa succeeded the title of Kamakura Shogunnomiya. From the end of the Kamakura period to the Nanboku-cho period, hereditary princely families were established in which the descendants of princes were proclaimed prince for generations, and Tokiwainomiya, Kideranomiya, and Fushiminomiya were founded. Fushiminomiya is the legitimate heir of the Jimyoin line, which began with Prince Yoshihito, the son of Emperor Suko of the Northern Court, and continued for about 550 years until 1947 (Showa 22), when the 24th emperor, Prince Hiroaki, left the imperial family. Subsequently, Katsuranomiya (Hachijonomiya, Kyogokunomiya) was founded at the request of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In the Edo period, Takamatsunomiya was founded by Prince Yoshihito, the son of Emperor Goyozei, and later renamed Arisugawanomiya. Kan'innomiya was also founded at the suggestion of Arai Hakuseki. The four imperial families of Fushimi, Katsura, Arisugawa, and Kan'in were known as the Four Princely Families, and continued to rule until the Meiji Restoration. Furthermore, at the end of the Edo period, Yamashinanomiya was founded at the suggestion of Tokugawa Yoshinobu and others. Other names include Ninnajinomiya and Shogoinnomiya, named after the temple the princes entered, Danjonomiya, Takekyunomiya, and Koyoinnomiya, named after their official positions, era names, and other names. After the Meiji period, ten imperial families were founded, including Kuninomiya, which split off from Fushiminomiya, and the sons of Emperor Taisho founded the three imperial families of Chichibu, Takamatsu, and Mikasa. After World War II, 11 Imperial families left the Imperial family, and currently there are four: Mikasa, Hitachi (the family of Prince Masahito, the second son of Emperor Showa, founded in September 1964), Takamado (the family of Prince Mikasa Norihito, founded in December 1984), and Akishino (the family of Crown Prince Fumihito, the second son of Emperor Akihito, founded in June 1990).

[Shigeyoshi Murakami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

皇族で天皇から宮号を賜った家。宮家は、平安末期、親王家が宮号を称したことに始まり、後鳥羽(ごとば)天皇の皇子、皇孫が親王宣下を受け、六条宮を称したのが最初である。鎌倉時代には、後嵯峨(ごさが)、後深草(ごふかくさ)両天皇の皇子、皇孫が、鎌倉将軍宮を継承した。鎌倉末期から南北朝時代には、親王の子孫が代々親王宣下を受ける世襲親王家が成立し、常盤井(ときわい)宮、木寺(きでら)宮、伏見(ふしみ)宮が創立された。伏見宮は、北朝の崇光(すこう)天皇の皇子栄仁(よしひと)親王に始まる持明院統の正嫡で、1947年（昭和22）第24代博明(ひろあき)王の皇籍離脱まで約550年続いた。続いて豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉の奏請で桂(かつら)宮（八条宮、京極宮）が創立された。江戸時代には、後陽成(ごようぜい)天皇の皇子好仁(よしひと)親王が高松宮を創立し、のち有栖川(ありすがわ)宮と改めた。また新井白石の献策で、閑院宮が創立された。伏見、桂、有栖川、閑院の4宮家は、四親王家と称され、明治維新に及んだ。さらに幕末、徳川慶喜(よしのぶ)らの建議で山階(やましな)宮が創立された。ほかに、親王の入室寺院名による仁和寺(にんなじ)宮、聖護院(しょうごいん)宮、官職、元号その他による弾正(だんじょう)宮、建久宮、高陽院宮などの宮号がある。明治以後、伏見宮から分かれた久邇(くに)宮など10宮家が創立され、また大正天皇の皇子が秩父(ちちぶ)、高松、三笠(みかさ)の3宮家を創立した。第二次世界大戦後、11宮家が皇籍を離脱し、現在は、三笠、常陸(ひたち)（昭和天皇第2皇男子正仁親王家、1964年9月創立）、高円(たかまど)（三笠宮憲仁(のりひと)親王家、1984年12月創立）、秋篠(あきしの)（明仁上皇第2皇男子皇嗣文仁(ふみひと)家、1990年6月創立）の4宮家がある。

［村上重良］

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