Prunella - Prunella

Japanese: ウツボグサ - うつぼぐさ
Prunella - Prunella

A perennial plant of the Lamiaceae family (APG classification: Lamiaceae). The stem is erect, 10-30 cm tall, and young branches sprout from the base. The leaves grow opposite each other, and those at the bottom of the stem have a stalk, are egg-shaped, oblong, 2-5 cm long, and have a few shallow sawtooth edges. From June to August, short inflorescences form at the ends of the stems, and the flowers bloom densely. The bracts are embossed, and the calyx is bilabial with a flat top. The corolla is purple, with an upward-facing tube and a helmet-shaped upper lip. The lower lip is large, divided into three lobes, protruding forward and with sawtooth edges. The side pieces are small and bent outward. The inflorescence resembles the shape of a bow's arrow, hence the name Utsubogusa. It grows on roadsides in the mountains and fields, and is distributed from Hokkaido to Kyushu, China, Korea, Karafuto (Sakhalin), and Siberia. There are seven species of Prunella in the world, and they are widely distributed from the subarctic to the tropical alpine regions.

[Gen Murata August 20, 2021]

Medicinal

After the flowers bloom, the spikes wither and turn brown while still standing, so in traditional Chinese medicine the gathered withered spikes are called Kakoso and are used as an anti-inflammatory and diuretic for thyroid hypertrophy, mastitis, high blood pressure, conjunctivitis, etc. In Japan, it is famous as an essential medicine for ruireki (cervical lymph node tuberculosis). In Europe, the original species P. vulgaris L. and the Thai pitcher plant P. grandiflora Jacq. are used as folk medicine for pulmonary tuberculosis and gastrointestinal diseases.

[Motoo Nagasawa August 20, 2021]

Prunella
It produces short flower spikes at the end of the stems and blooms densely. ©Shogakukan ">

Prunella


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シソ科(APG分類:シソ科)の多年草。茎は直立して高さ10~30センチメートル、基部から横たわるように若枝を出す。葉は対生し、茎の下部につくものは柄があり、卵状長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で長さ2~5センチメートル、切れ込みの浅い鋸歯(きょし)が少数ある。6~8月、茎の先に短い花穂(かすい)をつくり、密に花をつける。包葉は扁心(へんしん)形、萼(がく)は上が平らな二唇形。花冠は紫色で筒部は上向きとなり、上唇は兜(かぶと)状。下唇は大きく3裂し、前に突き出て鋸歯がある。側片は小さく、外に曲がる。花穂が弓の矢を入れた靭(うつぼ)の形に似ているのでウツボグサという。山野の道端に生え、北海道から九州、中国、朝鮮、樺太(からふと)(サハリン)、シベリアに分布する。ウツボグサ属は世界に7種あり、亜寒帯から熱帯の高山まで広く分布している。

[村田 源 2021年8月20日]

薬用

花の咲いたあと、花穂は立ったまま枯れて褐色に変わるので、漢方では枯れた花穂を集めたものを夏枯草(かこそう)といい、消炎、利尿剤として甲状腺(こうじょうせん)肥大、乳腺炎、高血圧症、結膜炎などに用いる。日本では、るいれき(頸部(けいぶ)リンパ節結核)の要薬として有名である。ヨーロッパでは原種P. vulgaris L.とタイリンウツボグサP. grandiflora Jacq.を民間薬として肺結核、胃腸病に用いる。

[長沢元夫 2021年8月20日]

ウツボグサ
茎の先に短い花穂をつくり、密に花をつける©Shogakukan">

ウツボグサ


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