Millet system - Millet system (English spelling)

Japanese: ミッレト制 - ミッレトせい(英語表記)millet
Millet system - Millet system (English spelling)
A religious community officially recognized in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government established special religious authorities to protect and govern the communities of non-Turkish, non-Muslim peoples living in its territories, especially in Rumelia (the Balkans) and Armenia. These were the millets. The etymology of the word comes from the Arabic milla, which can be traced back to the Syrian melta. The history of this system dates back to before the Ottoman Empire, and it was applied to Nestorian Christians in the Sassanid Empire, and there is a precedent for the Byzantine Empire, where a similar method was applied to Armenians and Jews living in the capital, Constantinople.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
オスマン帝国において公認された宗教共同体。オスマン政府は属地支配,とくに自領内のルーメリア(バルカン)やアルメニアなどに居住する非トルコ系非ムスリム系諸族住民の構成する共同体に対し,保護と支配とを兼ねる特殊な宗教自治体を設けた。これがミッレトである。語源的にはシリア語のメルタmeltaにまでさかのぼりうるアラビア語のミッラmillaに由来する。この制度の沿革はオスマン帝国以前にさかのぼり,古く,ササン朝では,ネストリウス派キリスト教徒に対し適用され,またビザンティン帝国では首都コンスタンティノープル在住のアルメニア人やユダヤ教徒を取り扱う場合にも同様の方式が適用された先例がある。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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