Peisistratos

Japanese: ペイシストラトス（英語表記）Peisistratos

[Birth] 600
[Died] c. 527 BC Tyrant of Athens, ancient Greece (reigned c. 561/0-527 BC). A relative of Solon. He gained fame in c. 565 BC as a Polemarchus (military commander) in the war with Megara. In chaotic Athens after Solon's reforms, he formed the Mountain Party, consisting of small and medium-sized peasants and poor people, mainly in northeastern Attica, where he was born, and became tyrant in 561/0 BC. He was later exiled twice because of opposing aristocrats, but gained wealth from the Pangaeion silver mine in Thrace, allied with Thebes and Argos, and established a tyrant government in 546 BC at the Battle of Parrhenais near Marathon, using Eretria as a foothold. He allowed Solon's national system to continue, but he placed his own family in important positions, took away weapons from the people, and sought to stabilize his position. However, he maintained a moderate and democratic attitude, and implemented measures to promote agriculture and protect small farmers, so that under his rule not only agriculture but also handicrafts developed. In terms of religion, he aimed to gain state control over the Eleusinian mysteries, began the construction of temples such as the Parthenon, and promoted national unification through religion. Athens established its dominance in the Greek world. His era was later looked back on as the "Age of Kronos," or the Golden Age.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]前600
[没]前527頃
古代ギリシア，アテネの僭主 (在位前 561/0～527頃) 。ソロンの血縁。前 565年頃ポレマルコス (軍事指揮官) としてメガラとの戦争で活躍し名声を揚げた。ソロンの改革後の混乱したアテネで，出身地アッチカ北東部を中心に中小農民や貧民から成る山地党をつくり，前 561/0年それを率いて僭主となった。その後，反対派の貴族のため2度追放されたが，トラキアのパンガイオン銀山で富を得，テーベ，アルゴスなどと同盟し，エレトリアを足掛りとして前 546年マラトン近くのパルレニスの戦いで反対派の貴族を倒し，僭主政を確立した。彼はソロンの国制は存続させたが，自分の一族を重要な役職につけ，民衆から武器を取上げ，地位の安定をはかった。しかし穏和で民主的な態度を貫き，勧農，小農民保護策をとったので，彼の支配下で農業はもちろん手工業も発展した。宗教面では，エレウシスの秘儀の国家管理を目指し，パルテノン神殿などの建設に着手し，宗教を介して国家統一を推進。アテネはギリシア世界での優位を確立した。彼の時代はのちに「クロノスの時代」，すなわち黄金時代と回顧された。

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