Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich

Japanese: ミコヤン（英語表記）Mikoyan， Anastas Ivanovich

Born November 25, 1895 in Sanaiyan, Tiflis (now Tbilisi).
[Died] October 21, 1978. Soviet politician in Moscow. Graduated from the Theological Seminary in Tiflis. In 1915, he joined the Bolsheviks and became one of the leaders of the revolutionary movement in the Caucasus. In September 1919, he received an order from the Central Committee of the Party in Moscow and succeeded in organizing the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. In 1926, he became People's Commissar for Commerce and Trade in the Soviet government, a position he held until 1955, and became known for his resourcefulness and skill in diplomatic negotiations. During this time, he was promoted in central politics, and served as a member of the State Defense Committee from 1942 to 1945 during World War II, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in 1943. From 1946 to 1953, he was Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Deputy Prime Minister). At the 20th Party Congress in 1956, he gave a speech criticizing I. Stalin, and in 1958, he became First Deputy Prime Minister in the N. Khrushchev cabinet. He was the only elder statesman who consistently supported Khrushchev during the subsequent power struggle. From July 1964 to December 1965, he was Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state). After Khrushchev's downfall in October 1964, he served as an advisor to the Brezhnev-Kosygin government. From 1965 to 1974, he was a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. He then retired. His unparalleled political power allowed him to remain in the upper echelons of the government as an Old Bolshevik, making him a rare politician in Soviet history.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1895.11.25. チフリス(現トビリシ)，サナイヤン
[没]1978.10.21. モスクワ
ソ連の政治家。チフリスの神学校卒業。 1915年ボルシェビキに加入し，カフカスにおける革命運動の指導者の1人となった。 19年9月モスクワで党中央委員会の指令を受け，アゼルバイジャン共産党の組織化に成功。 26年ソ連政府の商業・貿易人民委員に就任，55年まで同種の職務を担当，外交交渉においてその機略縦横の手腕をうたわれるようになった。その間中央政治においても昇進を重ね，第2次世界大戦中の 42～45年には国家防衛委員会の委員として活躍，その功により 43年に社会主義労働英雄の称号を受けた。 46～53年ソ連閣僚会議議長代理 (副首相) 。 56年第 20回党大会で I.スターリン批判の演説を行い，58年 N.フルシチョフ内閣の第一副首相に就任。その後の権力抗争中一貫してフルシチョフにくみした唯一の長老政治家となった。 64年7月～65年 12月最高会議幹部会議長 (国家元首) 。 64年 10月フルシチョフ失脚後もブレジネフ＝コスイギン政権の補佐役として活躍。 65～74年最高会議幹部会員。その後引退。その端倪すべからざる政治力によって，オールド・ボルシェビキとして常に政権の上層部のなかを生延びた，ソ連史上稀有の政治家。

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