Manchu - Manshu-zoku (English spelling) Manchu

Japanese: 満州族 - まんしゅうぞく（英語表記）Manchu

Also called Manchu. A group of people who speak a Tungusic language and live in the area known as Manchuria in northeastern China. Population: about 10 million (1990). Descendants of the Jurchens of the Qing Dynasty, who conquered China in the 17th century and ruled mainland China for over 250 years. After gaining military and political power, they developed significantly culturally under the influence of Chinese culture, but they continued to maintain their own language and traditions and encouraged intra-ethnic marriages. However, during the last decade of the Qing Dynasty in the 19th century, cultural protection and racial isolation gradually collapsed. Today, the Manchus have been culturally assimilated into the Han Chinese, but before that they were agro-pastoralists who raised horses and pigs, hunted, and farmed, and had their own patrilineal exogamous clans and shamanism.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

満族ともいう。中国東北地方のいわゆる満州といわれた地域に居住するツングース系の言語を話す諸民族をいう。人口約 1000万 (1990) 。 17世紀に中国を征服し，250年以上中国大陸を支配した清朝の女真の後裔。軍事・政治力を握ってからは，中国文化の影響を受けて文化的にも著しく発展したが，独自の言語と伝統は維持し続け，族内婚を促した。しかし 19世紀の清朝最後の 10年間に文化の保護と人種的隔離は次第にくずれていった。今日では満州族は文化的に漢民族に同化されてしまったが，それ以前は馬，豚の飼育，狩猟，農耕をあわせ行う農牧民で，独自の父系外婚制氏族やシャーマニズムをもっていた。

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