Chemotherapeutic agent

Japanese: 化学療法剤 - かがくりょうほうざい(英語表記)chemotherapeutic agent
Chemotherapeutic agent
Similar to antibiotics, these drugs have antibacterial properties, but are purely chemically synthesized, not derived from microorganisms. Examples include sulfa drugs and quinolones. Historically, they can be traced back to the early 20th century, when the effectiveness of certain pigments against protozoa was discovered. After that, sulfa drugs were at their peak as antibacterial agents, but with the discovery of penicillin, the focus of new drug development shifted to antibiotics. However, now that the development of antibiotics has reached a plateau, chemotherapy drugs, especially quinolones developed after norfloxacin, so-called new quinolones, are attracting attention. However, with the increasing frequency of use, resistant bacteria are appearing, and some drugs have been reported to cause side effects such as convulsions when used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition, safety for children and pregnant women has not been established, so caution is required when administering them.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
抗生物質と同様に抗菌作用を持つ薬剤であるが,微生物由来でなく,純粋に化学合成された薬剤を指す。サルファ剤,キノロン剤などがある。歴史的には,20世紀初頭,原虫類に対しある種の色素の有効性が発見されたことまでさかのぼることができる。その後,抗菌剤としてサルファ剤の全盛時代を迎えたが,ペニシリンの発見とともに,新薬開発の焦点は抗生物質に移った。しかし,抗生物質の開発が一段落した現在,化学療法剤,なかでもノルフロキサシン以降に開発されたキノロン剤,いわゆるニューキノロン剤が注目されている。ただ,使用頻度の上昇に伴い耐性菌も登場しつつあるほか,非ステロイド性抗炎症剤との併用でけいれん発作の副作用が報告されているものがある。また,小児,妊婦に対する安全性は確立していないので,投与には慎重を要する。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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