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Japanese: 満済 - まんさい

Year of death: June 13, 1435 (July 8, 1435)
Year of birth: Eiwa 4/Tenshu 4 (1378)
A monk in the Muromachi period. Son of Dainagon Nijō Morofuyu. His mother was the daughter of Hoin Minamoto, a Shogoin-bo official. As his mother was a servant to Ashikaga Yoshimitsu's wife, Hino Noriko, he became Yoshimitsu's adopted son, and entered the priesthood of Daigoji Hoon-in Ryugen, who was ordained as a monk. In December 1395 (Oei 2), at the young age of 18, he became the head priest of Daigoji and the head priest of Sanboin. The head priest of Sanboin had a tradition of being political advisors to successive shoguns, such as Kenshun and Kōsei, and Yoshimitsu favored him for his own qualities, becoming a Hoin in 1396, Daisōjō in 1416, and was proclaimed Junsangō in 1428. During this time, he was appointed the head priest of Toji and in charge of temple affairs in July 1416, and literally reigned over the religious world as the guardian priest of three Muromachi lords, Yoshimitsu, Yoshimochi, and Yoshinori. Yoshimochi was especially trusted by him, and from around 1400, when the Kanto kubo Ashikaga Mochiuji came into conflict with the shogunate, he was appointed chairman of the council of senior retainers, which was made up of powerful shugo (military governors), and played an excellent role as a mediator who faithfully conveyed the views of the senior vassals to the shogun. Fushiminomiya Sadanari also praised him as "the most righteous man in the world." He is also known as the "black-robed prime minister," but he devoted himself to his role as a mediator and never interfered in military affairs. He was also highly trusted by the senior retainers, and the shogunate government was stable. Considering that after Mansai's death, Shogun Yoshinori became autocratic and ran wild, leading to the Kakitsu Incident, Yoshimochi's excellent role as a mediator is well known. The Mansai Jungo Nikki is a first-class historical document of the political history of the matter. <References> Tsuji Zennosuke, "History of Japanese Buddhism," Middle Ages 3; Imaya Akira, "Research into the Process of the Disintegration of the Muromachi Shogunate"

(Akira Imaya)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：永享7.6.13(1435.7.8)
生年：永和4/天授4(1378)
室町時代の僧侶。大納言二条師冬の子。母は聖護院坊官法印源意の娘。母が足利義満の正室日野業子に伺候していた縁で義満の猶子となり,醍醐寺報恩院隆源の門に入り得度,応永2(1395)年12月わずか18歳の若さで醍醐寺座主,三宝院門跡となった。同院門跡は賢俊,光済と歴代将軍の政治顧問格となる伝統があったうえ,自身の資質によって義満に寵され,同6年法印,同16年大僧正に上り,正長1(1428)年には准三后を宣下された。この間応永16年7月には東寺一長者,寺務を兼ね,また義満,義持,義教と3代の室町殿の護持僧として文字通り宗教界に君臨した。特に義持の信任厚く,応永30年前後から関東公方足利持氏が幕府と対立すると,有力守護らで構成する宿老会議の座長役に指定され,重臣らの見解を忠実に将軍に取り次ぐ周旋役として見事な役割を果たした。伏見宮貞成にも「天下の義者なり」と称えられている。世に「黒衣の宰相」ともいわれるが,自身は周旋役に徹して軍事に容喙することは決してなく,宿老らの信任も抜群で幕政は安定した。満済の没後,将軍義教が専制化,暴走し,嘉吉の変に至ったことを思えば,その優れた調停者ぶりが知られよう。『満済准后日記』は当該政治史の一級史料。<参考文献>辻善之助『日本仏教史』中世3,今谷明『室町幕府解体過程の研究』

(今谷明)

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