Onnekotan Island - Onekotanto

A volcanic island in the northern part of the Kuril Islands. It is also read as Onekotan. It is connected to Horomushiri Island (Paramushir Island) in the northeast and Harumukotan Island in the southwest. It is 43 km long and has an area of ​​433 square km. It belongs to the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation and is called Onekotan Island. At the southern end is Kuroishiyama Bell Volcano (Russian name Krenitsina, 1,328 meters) and Yusenko Caldera (14 km in diameter), and in the north is Nemo Volcano (1,019 meters), a double volcano with a submerged caldera 9 km in diameter, and two other volcanoes. The coast is inaccessible due to towering sea cliffs, and there are no good anchorages except Kuroishi Bay on the east coast. There are several rapids, including the Kuroishi River. Before World War II, the area was administratively part of Shimushu County under the jurisdiction of the Nemuro Subprefecture (now the Nemuro Subprefecture), but had very few permanent residents.

[Kazuo Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

千島列島北部の火山島。オンネコタンとも読む。北東は幌莚(ほろもしり)島（パラムシル島）に、南西は春牟古丹(ハルムコタン)島に連なる。長さ43キロメートル、面積433平方キロメートル。ロシア連邦サハリン州に属し、オネコタン島Онекотан／Onekotanとよぶ。南端に黒石山鐘状火山（ロシア名クレニツィナ、1328メートル）と幽仙湖カルデラ（直径14キロメートル）があり、北部に二重式火山で直径9キロメートルの沈水カルデラをもつ根茂(ネモ)火山（1019メートル）があるほか、2座の火山がある。海岸は海食崖(がい)がそびえて近寄りがたく、東岸の黒石湾以外によい錨地(びょうち)はない。黒石川ほか数条の急流がある。第二次世界大戦前は、行政上、根室支庁（現根室振興局）管内の占守(しむしゅ)郡に属したが、定住者はきわめて少なかった。

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