Mango - Mango (English spelling) mango

Japanese: マンゴー - まんごー(英語表記)mango
Mango - Mango (English spelling) mango

A large evergreen tree of the genus Mangifera in the Anacardiaceae family (APG classification: Anacardiaceae). Native to India, the Malay Archipelago, and the Indochina Peninsula. The leaves are alternate and have 3-7 cm petioles. The leaf blade is long lanceolate, entire, 10-30 cm long, 4-10 cm wide, leathery, dark green glossy on the upper surface, and yellow-green slightly glossy on the lower surface. The same plant bears female, male, and bisexual flowers, and produces panicles 10-40 cm long at the ends of the branches. In Malaysia, Taiwan, and other areas, it blooms from January to April. The fruit is a drupe that ripens from May to October and is broadly ovate, 3-25 cm long, 1.5-15 cm wide, with a large variation between cultivars. The fruit surface is yellowish-white, yellow, yellowish-red, etc., and occasionally has reddish-purple spots. The skin is tough and somewhat thick, and peels easily when ripe. The flesh is yellow to orange-yellow in color and juicy. The kernel is large and flat, and can be thick or thin. It has an embryo inside, but the seeds of Indian varieties are monoembryonic, while those of Indochina varieties are polyembryonic. The seed coat is woody and has fibers on the surface, and long ones run through the flesh, resulting in poor quality. It grows well in regions where temperatures are above 15°C in winter and 24-27°C during the growing season, and are dry during the flowering season. It is propagated by grafting or layers using a common rootstock. Cultivar groups include the Murcoba, Alhonso, Sandarsha, and Cambodiana groups.

The fruits can be eaten raw, or used for juice, canned food, jellies, and dried fruit. The young fruits are used in cooking, pickled, and used as chutney (a curry seasoning). In Mexico and Central America, the young fruits are eaten with chili powder or salt. In some regions, the flowers and young leaves are also cooked.

[Muneo Iizuka September 17, 2020]

[References] | Anacardiaceae | Chutney
Mango (Apple Mango)
©Shogakukan ">

Mango (Apple Mango)

Mango (Pelican Mango)
©Shogakukan ">

Mango (Pelican Mango)

Mango fruit
There is a large variation in size between varieties. The fruit surface can be yellowish white, yellow, or yellowish red, and is covered with white powder. The photo shows a young fruit, which ripens between May and October. ©Shogakukan ">

Mango fruit


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ウルシ科(APG分類:ウルシ科)マンゴー属の常緑大高木。インド、マレー諸島およびインドシナ半島原産。葉は互生し、3~7センチメートルの葉柄がある。葉身は長披針(ちょうひしん)形で全縁、長さ10~30センチメートル、幅4~10センチメートル、革質で表面は濃緑色で光沢があり、裏面は黄緑色でわずかに光沢がある。同一株に雌花、雄花および両性花をつけ、枝端に長さ10~40センチメートルの円錐(えんすい)花序をつくる。マレーシア、台湾などでは、1~4月に開花する。果実は核果で5~10月に熟し、広卵形で長さ3~25センチメートル、幅1.5~15センチメートルと品種間変異が大きい。果面は黄白色、黄色、黄赤色などで、まれに赤紫色の斑点(はんてん)のあるものがある。果皮は強靭(きょうじん)でやや厚く、熟すと皮が容易にむける。果肉は黄色から橙黄(とうこう)色で多汁である。核は大きく平たくて、厚いものと薄いものがある。内に胚(はい)をもつが、インド系品種の種子は単胚、インドシナ系は多胚である。種皮は木質で表面に繊維があり、長いものは果肉内を走り品質不良となる。冬期15℃以上、生育期24~27℃で、開花期には乾燥する地方でよく生育する。繁殖は共台(ともだい)利用の接木(つぎき)、取木による。品種群として、ムルコバ、アルホンソ、サンダーシャ、カンボジアナ群などがある。

 果実は生食のほか、ジュース、缶詰、ゼリー、乾果などにする。幼果は料理に使われ、塩漬け、チャツネ(カレーの薬味)に向く。メキシコから中央アメリカでは幼果に唐辛子粉や塩をつけて食べる。また花や幼葉を料理する地方もある。

[飯塚宗夫 2020年9月17日]

[参照項目] | ウルシ科 | チャツネ
マンゴー(アップルマンゴー)
©Shogakukan">

マンゴー(アップルマンゴー)

マンゴー(ペリカンマンゴー)
©Shogakukan">

マンゴー(ペリカンマンゴー)

マンゴーの果実
大きさは品種間変異が著しい。果面の色も黄白色、黄色、黄赤色などがあり、白粉で覆われる。写真は若い果実で、5~10月に熟す©Shogakukan">

マンゴーの果実


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