Irish National Theatre Society

...The Irish Literary Theatre was founded in 1899 with the cooperation of Yeats and Mrs. Gregory, and this can be considered the beginning of theatre in Ireland. The movement, which gathered comrades with the goal of seeking subject matter not from commercial or naturalistic theatre in England or Europe, but from the myths, folk traditions and social realities of the homeland, while excluding political partisanship and raising awareness of true national culture, developed into the Irish National Theatre Society in 1903, and in 1904, with the support of Miss Horniman, the Abbey Theatre, the Irish National Theatre Society's headquarters, was built in Dublin. Most of Yeats' plays were premiered here, from On Bahria Beach (premiered in 1904), which deals with the legendary hero Cuchulain, to Purgatory (premiered in 1938), which he wrote in his final years. Other masterpieces include Mrs. Gregory's Moonrise (premiered in 1907), which deals with an escaped independence activist, and JM Synge's simple tragedy The Riders to the Sea (premiered in 1904), which depicts the misfortunes of poor fishermen living on the Aran Islands.

*Some of the terms mentioned in the Irish National Theatre Society are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…1899年，イェーツとグレゴリー夫人の協力によるアイルランド文芸劇場Irish Literary Theatreの設立から，この国の演劇は始まると考えてよい。イギリスやヨーロッパの商業的あるいは自然主義的演劇の模倣ではなく，祖国の神話，民俗的伝統，また社会的現実に題材を求めること，ただし政治的党派性を排して，真の民族的文化の自覚を高めること――このような目標をかかげて同志を集めた運動は，1903年アイルランド国民劇場協会Irish National Theatre Societyへと発展し，04年にはホーニマン女史の援助でダブリンに拠点劇場アベー座が建てられた。伝説的英雄クーフリンを扱った《バーリアの浜辺で》(1904初演)から最晩年の《煉獄》(1938初演)にいたるイェーツの戯曲のほとんどがここで初演されたほか，脱獄した独立運動家を扱ったグレゴリー夫人の《月の出》(1907初演)，アラン諸島に生きる貧しい漁民たちの不幸を描いたJ.M.シングの簡潔な悲劇《海へ騎（の）りゆく人々》(1904初演)などの秀作が生まれた。…

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