Noctilucent clouds

Japanese: 夜光雲 - やこううん
Noctilucent clouds

A cloud that is rarely seen in the sky at high latitudes. It is called noctilucent cloud because it shines white against the dark sky only for a few hours after sunset or before sunrise. It only occurs in Northern Europe, Russia, Canada, and Alaska during the season from summer to autumn. It looks like a silk garment fluttering horizontally, and looks like a cirrocumulus or cirrostratus cloud. However, it occurs at an altitude of about 80 kilometers, near the mesopause where the temperature distribution in altitude is at its minimum. It is the highest altitude of any cloud in the Earth's atmosphere. The temperature at this altitude is close to -100°C, and noctilucent clouds are thought to be made up of tiny ice crystals. However, the cause of their formation is still unknown. Since it coincides with the altitude at which meteors burn out, it is possible that meteor dust is the nucleus of the ice crystals. Since it is a thin cloud, it can only be seen when the background is dark and the light hits it from the side, causing only the cloud to shine. For this reason, it is likely that it can only be seen in high latitudes where the low solar altitude lasts for a long time.

[Ryuji Kimura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

高緯度地方の上空にごくまれに見られる雲。日没後または日の出前の数時間の間だけ、暗くなった空を背景に白く光って見えるので夜光雲noctilucent cloudという。北ヨーロッパ、ロシア、カナダ、アラスカで、夏から秋に変わる季節にだけ発生する。形は絹の衣が水平にたなびいているような感じで、巻積(けんせき)雲か巻層雲のように見える。しかし発生する高度は約80キロメートルで、気温の高度分布が極小値になる中間圏界面の付近である。地球大気中の雲のなかでもっとも発生高度が高い。この高さの気温は零下100℃に近く、夜光雲は微小な氷晶からなるものと考えられている。しかし、発生原因についてはまだわかっていない。流星が燃え尽きる高度に一致するので、流星塵が氷晶の核になっている可能性がある。薄い雲なので、背景が暗く、横から光が当たって、雲だけが光る場合にのみ見える。このため、低い太陽高度が長時間持続する高緯度地方でのみ見えるのであろう。

[木村龍治]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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