Malaga - Malaga (English spelling)

Japanese: マラガ - まらが(英語表記)Málaga
Malaga - Malaga (English spelling)

A port city in the Andalusia region in southern Spain. Capital of Malaga Province. Population 524,414 (2001). Facing Malaga Bay on the Mediterranean Sea, the city center is located on the east side of the mouth of the Guadalmedina River. Since ancient times, it has flourished as a commercial port. On a hill behind the northeast part of the city is Gibralfaro Castle, a fortress built by the Phoenicians and rebuilt by Yusuf I of the Kingdom of Granada. The city walls continue to the ruins of the Alcazaba (11th century), a Muslim fortress, located below and to the west. In the center of the old town is the Renaissance-style cathedral (16th century). The surrounding fertile farmland produces tropical fruits such as oranges, lemons, and pawpaws, vegetables, sugar cane, and other local products such as grapes, which are exported as raisins and Malaga wine. The main exports from the port of Malaga are wine, agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables, cement, iron ore, and lead, while the main imports are coal, petroleum, fertilizer, and timber. Industries such as steel, lead smelting, cement, textiles, chemicals, sugar, and fish canning are located around the port. The city has a warm Mediterranean climate and is the eastern gateway to the Costa del Sol (Coast of the Sun), and is also developing as a tourist and resort city. The Latin American music, malagueña, is a type of fandango musical style that is passed down in the Malaga area and has also spread to the New World. It is the birthplace of the painter Picasso.

[Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa]

history

Around the 8th century BC, the Phoenicians established a colony, and Carthage and Greece also participated in trade. After its occupation in 205 BC, it was under Roman control, but in the 5th century AD it was ruled by the Germanic Vandals and then by the Visigoths. From the 6th to 7th centuries, it was incorporated into the Byzantine Empire, and then it was returned to the Visigothic Kingdom. It changed hands rapidly. From the 8th century onwards, it was under Islamic control, but in 1487, the Catholic kings Ferdinand II and Isabella I recaptured it from Islamic hands. However, in the 16th century, they were ordered to convert from Islam, and they continued to be persecuted afterwards, leading to frequent Morisco (converted Christian) rebellions. At the same time, it prospered through wool exports to Italy and trade with the Americas, but it declined after the second half of the 18th century, when trade with the Americas was liberalized. In addition, the textile and iron industries, which emerged in the first half of the 19th century, also did not fare well. When the Spanish Civil War broke out in July 1936, the city sided with the Republic, but was occupied by Franco in February 1937.

[Jiro Nakatsuka]

"The Story of the Prosperity of the Village of Tajos in Spain: From Hunger and Civil War to Tourism" by Ronald Fraser, translated by Atsuko Takahashi (1975, Heibonsha)

Alcazaba Castle
A Muslim fortress built in the 11th century. It is located on a hill overlooking the city of Malaga. Spain, Malaga ©Shogakukan ">

Alcazaba Castle


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スペイン南部、アンダルシア地方の港湾都市。マラガ県の県都。人口52万4414(2001)。地中海に臨むマラガ湾に面し、グアダルメディナ川の河口東側に中心市街がある。古代から港を中心に商業で栄え、市街地の北東背後の丘上には、フェニキア人の建てた要塞(ようさい)をグラナダ王国のユースフ1世が再建したヒブラルファロ城がある。その西下方にあるイスラム教徒の城砦(じょうさい)アルカサバ(11世紀)の廃墟(はいきょ)まで城壁が続く。旧市街の中心地にはルネサンス様式の大聖堂(16世紀)がある。周辺の肥沃(ひよく)な農地ではオレンジ、レモン、ポーポーなどの熱帯果物、野菜、サトウキビなどとともに、特産品のブドウが生産され、干しぶどうやマラガ酒として輸出される。マラガ港のおもな輸出品はワイン、果物や野菜などの農産物、セメント、鉄鉱石、鉛など、輸入品は石炭、石油、肥料、木材などである。港の周辺には製鉄、鉛精錬、セメント、繊維、化学、製糖、魚缶詰などの工業が立地している。地中海性気候の温暖な地域で、コスタ・デル・ソル(太陽の海岸)の東玄関口にあたり、観光・保養都市としても発展している。中南米音楽のマラゲーニャは、マラガ一帯に伝わるファンダンゴの音楽形式の一種で、新大陸にも伝わった。画家ピカソの生地。

[田辺 裕・滝沢由美子]

歴史

紀元前8世紀ごろ、フェニキア人が植民市を建設したことに始まり、カルタゴ、ギリシアも交易に参加した。前205年の占領以後ローマの支配下にあったが、紀元後5世紀になってゲルマン系のバンダル人、ついで西ゴート人の支配を受け、6世紀から7世紀にかけてはビザンティン帝国に編入され、そののちふたたび西ゴート王国に復帰するなど、めまぐるしく所属が変わった。8世紀以後イスラムの支配下にあったが、1487年にフェルナンド2世、イサベル1世のカトリック両王がイスラムの手から奪回した。しかし、16世紀にイスラム教からの改宗が命じられ、その後も迫害を受けたため、モリスコ(改宗キリスト教徒)の反乱が頻発した。同じころ、イタリアへの羊毛輸出、アメリカ大陸との貿易で繁栄したが、アメリカ大陸貿易が自由化された18世紀後半以後衰退していく。また、19世紀前半におこった織物業、製鉄業も不振であった。1936年7月のスペイン内戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)に際して共和国側についたが、1937年2月フランコ側に占領された。

[中塚次郎]

『ロナルド・フレーザー著、高橋敦子訳『「スペイン」タホス村繁昌記――飢えと内乱から観光へ』(1975・平凡社)』

アルカサバ城
11世紀に建造されたイスラム教徒の城砦。マラガの町を見おろす丘の上にある。スペイン マラガ©Shogakukan">

アルカサバ城


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