Malignant tumors that occur in the thyroid gland. The main types are papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and malignant lymphoma. Of all thyroid cancers, papillary carcinoma (80-90%) and follicular carcinoma (10-15%) make up the majority. These are differentiated cancers, so they usually progress slowly and are said to have a high rate of metastasis, but the prognosis is often good. Other types occur less frequently, but medullary carcinoma, which develops from the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland and is suspected to be a familial occurrence, malignant lymphoma developed from lymphocytes, and undifferentiated carcinoma, which develops from follicular cells like papillary and follicular carcinomas, are highly malignant and progress quickly. Undifferentiated carcinoma in particular has a very strong tendency to proliferate, and often has a very poor prognosis. Overall, there are often few noticeable symptoms, but nodules (lumps) in the neck and enlarged lymph nodes may be found, and in undifferentiated cancer and malignant lymphoma, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and tenderness at the nodule site may occur. After the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, the incidence of thyroid cancer was high among the surrounding residents, especially children. In addition, the hydrogen bomb tests carried out on Bikini Atoll caused a high incidence of thyroid cancer among island residents due to internal exposure to residual radioactive materials. For these reasons, it is believed that there is a deep causal relationship between exposure to radioactive materials and the occurrence of thyroid cancer. [Editorial Department, June 20, 2016] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
甲状腺に発生する悪性腫瘍(しゅよう)。おもなものに乳頭癌、濾胞(ろほう)癌、髄様癌、悪性リンパ腫がある。全甲状腺癌のなかでは、乳頭癌(80~90%)や濾胞癌(10~15%)がほとんどを占める。これらは分化型の癌であるため緩徐に進行することがほとんどで、転移が多いとされるが予後は良好であることが多い。これら以外のものは発生頻度は少ないが、甲状腺の傍濾胞細胞(C細胞)から発生し家族性の発症も疑われる髄様癌や、リンパ球から発生する悪性リンパ腫、乳頭癌や濾胞癌と同様に濾胞細胞から発生する未分化癌などは、悪性度が高くまた進行も速い。とくに未分化癌はきわめて増殖傾向が強く、予後も著しく不良であることが多い。全体に自覚症状に乏しいことも多いが、頸部(けいぶ)の結節(しこり)やリンパ節腫大が認められたり、未分化癌や悪性リンパ腫では、嗄声(させい)(かすれ声)や嚥下(えんげ)困難、結節部位の圧痛が出現したりする。 1986年のチェルノブイリ原子力発電所事故のあとで、周辺住民のとくに小児に甲状腺癌の発生が多く認められた。ほかにビキニ環礁で行われた水爆実験では、残留放射性物質による内部被曝(ひばく)のために島民に高頻度に甲状腺癌が発生した。これらのことから、放射性物質による被曝と甲状腺癌の発生には深い因果関係があると考えられている。 [編集部 2016年6月20日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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