The capital of Bahrain. Its official name is Al-Manāmah. It is located at the northeastern tip of the island. It was first mentioned in Islamic chronicles around 1345, and was occupied by the Portuguese (1521) and the Persians (1602), but since 1783 it has been ruled by the current Emir Khalifa family. Since it became a British protectorate in 1861, British officials have been stationed there since 1901, and in 1946 the British Persian Gulf envoy's residence was moved there from Iran, remaining there until it became the capital of Bahrain in 1971 after independence. It is home to about 40% of the country's total population, and for a long time it was the center of trade in the northern Persian Gulf, and also served as a pearling and fishing base. With the discovery of oil in 1932, the entire city was modernized, and it is now the financial and commercial center of not only Bahrain but also the Persian Gulf. It is connected to the city of Muharraq on the opposite shore by a 2.5 km long causeway. The government's thermal power plant in the city supplies electricity not only to the city itself but also to the rest of the country, including Muharraq. Population: 157,000 (2007 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
バーレーンの首都。正式名称はアルマナーマ Al-Manāmah。バーレーン島の東北端に位置する。イスラムの年代記のなかで最初に取り上げられたのは 1345年頃で,その後ポルトガル人 (1521) ,ペルシア人 (1602) に占領されたが,1783年から現在の首長ハリーファ家により統治されている。 1861年イギリスの保護国になったため,1901年以降イギリス官吏が常駐し,1946年にはイギリスのペルシア湾弁理公使公邸がイランから移転し,1971年独立して首都となるまでとどまった。国の総人口の約 40%が集中し,長らくペルシア湾北部の貿易の中心で,真珠採取および漁業基地を兼ねた。 1932年の石油発見で,都市全体が近代化され,現在はバーレーンだけではなく,ペルシア湾の金融・商業中心地となっている。対岸にある都市ムハッラクとは長さ 2.5kmの堤道で連絡する。市内にある政府の火力発電所は市内だけでなく,ムハッラクなど国内全域に電力を供給している。人口 15万7000(2007推計)。
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