Emperor Kazan

The 65th Emperor (reigned 984-986). The first son of Emperor Reizei. His mother was Kaishi, daughter of Daijo Daijin Shonii Fujiwara Koretada. His given name was Morosadada. He ascended to the throne following Emperor Enyu's Zen. Fujiwara Yoritada became the regent, but since he was not related by marriage he had no real power, and instead favored Fujiwara Yoshichika and Koreshige, who were related by marriage. He proclaimed a ban on banquets to control and tighten the aristocratic society at court, and issued an order to consolidate manors, which had not been issued since 902 (Engi 2), setting out an innovative political line. This Order for the Consolidation of Manors was a policy that was based on the growing sentiment among the provincial governors for the consolidation of manors, and was the beginning of the frequent consolidation orders that were issued thereafter. The Kazan court planned such political reforms, but while grieving the death of his favorite concubine, Kishi (the daughter of Fujiwara Tamemitsu), he fell into a false scheme by Fujiwara Michikane and became a monk, becoming the next Ichijo court less than two years later. After abdicating, he devoted himself to Buddhist ceremonies and the refined arts, and was fond of waka poetry. He is considered to have been the compiler of the "Shui Wakashu," and although the "Kazan-in Goshu" existed, it was lost. In 996 (Choutoku 2), due to a misunderstanding, he was shot by a servant of Fujiwara Korechika, and as a result Korechika was demoted to Dazai Gon no Sochi. His tomb is the Kamiya Kawakami Tomb in Kinugasa, Kyoto City.

[Morita Tei]

"The Life of Kazan'in" by Gen'ei Imai (1976, Ohfusha) " "Dynasty Politics" by Tei Morita (1979, Kyoikusha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

第65代天皇（在位984～986）。冷泉(れいぜい)天皇第1皇子。母は太政(だいじょう)大臣正二位藤原伊尹(これただ)の女(むすめ)懐子(かいし)。諱(いみな)は帥貞(もろさだ)。円融(えんゆう)天皇の禅を受けて即位。藤原頼忠(よりただ)が関白となったが、外戚(がいせき)でなかったことから実権をもたず、外戚の藤原義懐(よしちか)と惟成(これしげ)を重用。饗宴(きょうえん)の禁制を布告して宮廷貴族社会の統制、引締めを図り、902年（延喜2）に出されて以来布告されていなかった荘園(しょうえん)整理令を久々に布告するなど、革新的な政治路線を打ち出した。この荘園整理令は、受領(ずりょう)らの間で高まってきていた荘園整理の気運を政策化したもので、以後頻出する整理令の嚆矢(こうし)であった。花山朝においてはかく政治改革が企図されたが、後宮の寵姫(ちょうき)忯子(きし)（藤原為光(ためみつ)の女）の死を悲しんでいるおり、藤原道兼(みちかね)の偽計に陥り出家し、2年足らずで次の一条朝となった。退位後は仏事や風流をこととし、和歌をよくした。『拾遺和歌集』の撰者(せんじゃ)に擬せられ、『花山院御集』も存したが散逸。996年（長徳2）誤解により藤原伊周(これちか)の従者に射られ、これがもとで伊周は大宰権帥(だざいのごんのそち)に左遷された。御陵は京都市衣笠(きぬがさ)の紙屋(かみや)川上陵。

［森田　悌］

『今井源衛著『花山院の生涯』（1976・桜楓社）』▽『森田悌著『王朝政治』（1979・教育社）』

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