Manase Dosan

A doctor in the Warring States period. Born in Kyoto in the fourth year of the Eisho era. His given name was Masamori and was also called Masayoshi. His pen name was Ikkei, his pen names were Suichikusai, Kouseio, and Neiko, and his temple title was Suikuin, later Kotokuin. In 1528 (Kyoroku 1), he studied at the Ashikaga School, where he studied Li-Zhu medicine under Tashiro Sanki, and in 1545 (Tenbun 14), he returned to Kyoto, where he was treated well by Shoguns Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Hosokawa Harumoto, Miyoshi Nagayoshi, and Matsunaga Hisahide, and founded the Keiteki-in school to train students. In 1574 (Tensho 2), he compiled the eight volumes of the Keitekishu and presented them to Emperor Ogimachi, where he was given the posthumous title of Suichiku-in. Dosan's name became known throughout the country, and he was held in high esteem by such leaders as Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, and he came to be known as the founder of the revival of Japanese medicine. He passed away in the third year of the Bunroku era at the age of 88. His works include the aforementioned "Keidokushu," as well as "Unjin Yawa," "Yakushodoku," "Kirigami," "Shinmyaku Kudenshu," and "Hyakufuku Zusetsu."

The second head of the family, Naotake Dosan, was succeeded by his nephew, Gensaku (1549-1631), who wrote the Medical Tenshoki.

[Michiaki Yakazu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

戦国時代の医師。永正(えいしょう)4年京都に生まれる。名は正盛(まさもり)また正慶(まさよし)とも称し、字(あざな)は一渓(いっけい)、号は雖知苦斎(すいちくさい)、盍静翁(こうせいおう)、寧固(ねいこ)、院号は翠竹院(すいちくいん)のちに亨徳院(こうとくいん)。1528年（享禄1）足利(あしかが)学校に学び、田代三喜(たしろさんき)について李朱(りしゅ)医学を修め、1545年（天文14）京都に帰り、将軍足利義輝(よしてる)、細川晴元、三好長慶(みよしながよし)、松永久秀(ひさひで)らの厚遇を受け、学舎啓迪院(けいてきいん)を創立して門人を養成、1574年（天正2）『啓迪集』8巻を撰述(せんじゅつ)して正親町(おおぎまち)天皇に献上し、翠竹院の院号を賜った。道三の名は全国に知れ渡り、織田信長、豊臣秀吉(とよとみひでよし)、徳川家康らにも重んじられ、日本医学中興の祖と称されるようになった。文禄(ぶんろく)3年没。享年88。著書には前述の『啓迪集』をはじめ、『雲陣夜話』『薬性能毒』『切紙』『診脈口伝集』『百腹図説』などがある。

　なお、2代曲直瀬道三は甥(おい)の玄朔(げんさく)（1549―1631）が継いで活躍、『医学天正記(いがくてんしょうき)』はその著である。

［矢数道明］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例