Matsumiya Kanzan

A military and Japanese scholar of the mid-Edo period. Commonly known as Sajima, his given name was Toshitagu, later he was called Shurei, and he also had the pen names Kanzan and Kyukan. He was born in Shimotsuke Province (Tochigi Prefecture). At the age of 14, he went to Edo and was adopted by the masterless samurai Matsumiya Masatane, and studied Hojo-ryu military science under Hojo Ujisuke (1666-1727). For the next 25 years, until his teacher retired in 1726 (Kyoho 11), he accompanied him to his posts and research sites, deepening his practical training in military science, and was also involved in the creation of the Kyoho Kuni Ezu (Map of the Provinces of the Kyoho Era). His knowledge covered the three religions of Shinto, Confucianism, and Buddhism, and he was also knowledgeable in geodesic studies, geography, astronomy, and judo. He wrote many books, including "Bundoyojutsu" (1728), "Shikanyohojikishisho" (1729), and "Gakuron" (Gakuron), "Gakumyakubenkai" (Gakumyaku Benkai), and "Wagakurō" (Wagakurō), which were written from the standpoint of Japanese classical scholars. In 1768 (Meiwa 5), ​​he was implicated in the Meiwa Incident of Yamagata Tainii and was ordered to serve in Edo, and his later years were difficult.

[Ichiro Watanabe July 19, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期の兵学者、国学者。通称左司馬(さじま)、名は俊仍(としつぐ)、のち主鈴(しゅれい)と称し、観山、旧貫(きゅうかん)と号した。下野(しもつけ)国（栃木県）に生まれる。14歳のときに江戸へ出て浪士松宮政種(まさたね)の養子となり、北条流兵学を北条氏如(ほうじょううじすけ)（1666―1727）に学んだ。以来1726年（享保11）師の致仕に至る25か年、その任地や調査地に随行して実地の兵法学の修行を深め、『享保国絵図(きょうほうくにえず)』の作成にも関与した。その学識は神儒仏の三教にわたり、測地、地理、天文や柔術などにも通じていた。著述も『分度余術(ぶんどよじゅつ)』（1728）『士鑑用法直旨鈔(しかんようほうじきししょう)』をはじめ、国学者の立場で論じた『学論(がくろん)』『学脈弁解(がくみゃくべんかい)』『和学論(わがくろん)』など多数に上った。1768年（明和5）山県大弐(やまがただいに)の明和事件に連座して江戸構(かま)いを命ぜられ、晩年は不遇であった。

［渡邉一郎　2016年7月19日］

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