Marsh, Othniel Charles

Japanese: マーシュ(英語表記)Marsh, Othniel Charles
Marsh, Othniel Charles
Born October 29, 1831 in Lockport, New York.
[Died] March 18, 1899. Born in New Haven. American paleontologist. Professor at Yale University (1866-99). From 1870 onwards, he organized several expeditions to investigate various parts of the United States. In 1871, he discovered the fossil of Pterodactylus, a reptile thought to be the ancestor of birds. The discovery and restoration of American dinosaurs is largely due to him and his close friend, E. Cope, who later became his enemy. In 1882, he joined the United States Geological Survey as the chief of the Vertebrate Paleontology Department, which caused a deterioration in his relationship with Cope. The Vertebrate Paleontology Department of the Smithsonian Institution was enriched after he became an honorary director in 1887, and it was separated from the Department of Geology in 1903. He also founded the genus Desmostylus (88). He discovered over 1,000 species of fossil vertebrates and left records of at least 500 species of fossils. He is particularly renowned for his research on toothed birds and dinosaurs.

Marsh
Marsh, George Perkins

Born March 15, 1801 in Woodstock, Vermont
Died: July 23, 1882. American diplomat, linguist, and geographer. In 1861, he became the first American ambassador to Italy. His works, based on his many years of observation around the world, have recently been reevaluated as a precursor to the modern view of geography that emphasizes the role of humans. His major works include A Compendious Grammar of the Old Northern or Icelandic Language (1838), Man and Nature (64), and The Earth as Modified by Human Action (74).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1831.10.29. ニューヨーク,ロックポート
[没]1899.3.18. ニューヘーブン
アメリカの古生物学者。エール大学教授 (1866~99) 。 1870年以降,幾度か探検隊を組織してアメリカ各地を調査。 71年には鳥の祖先とみられる爬虫類プテロダクティルスの化石を発見。アメリカの恐竜の発見とその復元は,彼とその親友で,のちに敵対者となった E.コープとに負うところが大きい。 82年,アメリカ地質調査所に古脊椎動物学部門の主任として参加したことから,コープとの関係が悪化。スミソニアン・インスティテューションの古脊椎動物部は 87年に彼が名誉管理者となってから充実したものとなり,1903年に地質学部から独立した。またデスモスチルス属は彼が創設した (88) 。 1000種をこえる化石脊椎動物の発見者であり,少くとも 500種はこえる化石の記録を残した。特に有歯鳥類や恐竜に関する研究は名高い。

マーシュ
Marsh, George Perkins

[生]1801.3.15. バーモント,ウッドストック
[没]1882.7.23. フィレンツェ東郊バロンブロザ
アメリカ合衆国の外交官,言語学者,地理学者。 1861年,アメリカ合衆国の最初の駐イタリア大使。世界各地における長年の観察に基づく彼の著作は,人間の役割を重視する近代的地理学観の先駆をなすものとして最近,再評価されている。主著に『古スカンジナビア語,アイスランド語文法』A Compendious Grammar of the Old Northern or Icelandic Language (1838) ,『人間と自然』 Man and Nature (64) ,『人間活動によって変えられた大地』 The Earth as Modified by Human Action (74) などがある。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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