In the Soviet Union, cosmopolitanism was widely criticized as ignoring social conditions and ethnic traditions, but the term particularly refers to the anti-Semitic smear campaign that was launched in various circles in 1949. It was one aspect of Stalinist chauvinism and anti-Semitism in the cultural sphere at the end of the Stalin era. A dark period had already begun for Jews in the Soviet Union, with the dissolution of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee the previous year and the mysterious death of its chairman, actor SM Mikhoels, believed to have been perpetrated by the secret police. However, a series of publications, beginning with the January 28 issue of Pravda, called for a "struggle against cosmopolitanism." Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ソ連では,コスモポリタニズムは社会的条件や民族的伝統を無視するものとして,ひろく批判の対象とされてきたが,とくに1949年に各界において展開された反ユダヤ主義的内容の中傷キャンペーンを指す。スターリン時代末期における文化面でのスターリン的排外主義,反ユダヤ主義の一局面をなす。すでに前年に〈ユダヤ反ファッショ委員会〉が解散させられ,その議長で俳優のS.M.ミホエルスが秘密警察による殺害とみられる怪死をとげるなど,ソ連邦のユダヤ人にとっての暗黒期がはじまっていたが,この年1月28日の《プラウダ》紙上をはじめ,一連の刊行物で〈コスモポリタニズムとの闘争〉が呼びかけられた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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