They are a para-Nile pastoral people who live in the central highlands of Kenya and the plains of central Tanzania. They have a population of 380,000 on the Kenyan side (1989), and over 100,000 on the Tanzanian side. They are thought to have migrated south from the upper reaches of the Nile in the 17th and 18th centuries. They raise cattle, goats, and sheep, but place the greatest value on cattle. Some of the names of current cities in Kenya and Tanzania originate from the Maasai language. For example, Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, comes from the Maasai word for "cool place." Maasai attacks were feared throughout East Africa. The Bantu agricultural peoples who live next to them, such as the Kikuyu, Kamba, and Meru, have a long history of fighting with the Maasai. On the other hand, because of this, they have frequent contact with each other, and share common customs and systems, as well as many intermarriages. The Maasai are not a single group, but are divided into a dozen or so groups. Moreover, there are many ethnic groups closely related to the Maasai, such as the Samburu in northern Kenya and the Arusha on Mount Meru in Tanzania, which has become an agricultural people. Most villages are semi-sedentary and move every 3-4 years. In the dry season, the people take their livestock to distant watering places and set up temporary camps there. Their society is fundamentally democratic and egalitarian, and they dislike the concentration of power in one place or submission to authority. Political coordination is carried out through a well-developed age group system that combines age groups and age hierarchies. They have patrilineal clans, and polygamy is the norm. Both boys and girls are circumcised. [Yasushi Kato] "We, the Masai" by Sankan, translated by Satoshi Sato (1989, Doubutsusha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アフリカ、ケニアの中央高地帯からタンザニア中部の平原にかけて住むパラ・ナイル系の牧畜民。人口はケニア側に38万(1989)、タンザニア側にも10万以上が住む。17~18世紀にナイル川上流から南下してきたと考えられる。ウシ、ヤギ、ヒツジを飼うが、ウシにもっとも大きな価値を置く。ケニア、タンザニアの現在の都市の名のいくつかはマサイ語に起源をもっている。たとえばケニアの首都ナイロビは「涼しい場所」という意味のマサイ語に由来する。マサイの襲撃は、東アフリカ一円で恐れられていた。彼らと隣接して住むバントゥー系の農耕民であるキクユ、カンバ、メルなどはマサイとの長い闘いの歴史を語り伝えている。一方、そのため互いの接触も頻繁で、共通の慣習や制度、また混血も多い。マサイは単一の集団ではなく、十数集団に分かれる。しかもマサイと近縁の民族も多く、ケニア北部のサンブルやタンザニア、メルー山の農耕民化したアルーシャなどがある。村はほとんど半定住であり、3~4年ごとに移動する。乾期には、遠くの水場まで家畜を連れて行き、そこに一時的なキャンプをつくる。社会は基本的に民主的で平等であり、1か所に権力が集中することや権威に服従することを嫌う。政治的な調整は、よく発達した年齢組と年齢階梯(かいてい)を組み合わせた年齢集団体系によって行われる。父系クラン(氏族)をもち、一夫多妻が支配的である。男女ともに割礼を行う。 [加藤 泰] 『サンカン著、佐藤俊訳『我ら、マサイ族』(1989・どうぶつ社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Shiki Masaoka - Masaoka Shiki
A right that has already been acquired based on l...
...A private railway with the third longest opera...
This culture was centered on the Kan'ei era (1...
...Emitter-coupled logic circuit) A typical high-...
… Vitamin K1 was isolated from alfalfa and is als...
... Professional boxing was initially governed by...
The Kanmu Heishi clan. They descended from Prince ...
Abbreviation: UPC. A Ugandan political party found...
[Live] Guangxu 33 (1907). Jiangsu, Wuxi [Died] Apr...
A general term for fabrics made by arranging warp...
… The Church first included the seven numbers of ...
British playwright. Born to Jewish immigrants of ...
...It is found in South Africa. The red-bellied w...
In 1791, the plant was named dahlia in honor of t...
A former town in Higashiyatsushiro County in centr...