Macaulay

Japanese: マコーレー

British historian and politician. His father was an ardent abolitionist. After graduating from Cambridge University, he became a lawyer. He gained fame for his essay "On Milton," published in the Whig magazine "Edinburgh Review" in 1825, and subsequently contributed essays on history, current affairs, and literature to the magazine. In 1830, he became a member of the House of Commons, where he distinguished himself with his liberal speeches on parliamentary reform and colonial issues. In 1834, he served as a legislative member of the Viceroy's Council, and devoted himself to the development of legal systems and educational reform in India. After returning to India, he was appointed Secretary of State for War (1839-1841) and Comptroller-General (1846-1847). After losing the general election of 1847, he devoted himself to writing his long-cherished desire to write "History of Great Britain" (5 volumes, 1848-1861), and published the first two volumes the following year. Although he had originally planned to cover his own time, he died of illness before completing the work, and so the book ended up being nothing more than a "History of the Glorious Revolution." However, the historical narrative, which praised the continuous development of the British constitution and emphasized the progressive character of Parliament and the Glorious Revolution, was warmly welcomed due to its clear writing style, and acquired the status of the orthodox interpretation of British history as the "Whig" view of history.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

英国の歴史家，政治家。父親は熱心な奴隷廃止論者。ケンブリッジ大学卒業後弁護士となる。1825年ホイッグ系の雑誌《エディンバラ・レビュー》誌に発表した〈ミルトン論〉で名声を博し，以後同誌に歴史・時事問題・文芸に関する評論を寄せる。1830年下院議員となり，議会改革，植民地問題などに関する自由主義的な弁論で頭角を現した。1834年インド総督参事会の立法委員として，インドにおいて法制整備，教育改革などに尽力。帰国後は陸相（1839年−1841年），主計総監（1846年−1847年）などに任じられた。1847年の総選挙で落選した後は，かねてからの念願であった《イギリス史》（全５巻，1848年−1861年）の執筆に没頭し，翌年その最初の２巻を刊行。構想では自分の同時代にまで及ぶ予定であったが，業なかばにして病没したため，本書は事実上は〈名誉革命史〉に終わった。しかし英国の国制の連続的な発展を讃え，議会と名誉革命の果たした進歩的な性格を強調したその歴史叙述は，明解な文体のゆえに熱烈な歓迎をうけ，〈ホイッグ〉史観として英国の正統的な歴史解釈の地位を獲得した。
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