Macrophage - macrophage

Japanese: マクロファージ - まくろふぁーじ(英語表記)macrophage
Macrophage - macrophage

Macrophages are large migratory cells that appear in all tissues of animals, and ingest foreign bodies and bacteria that have invaded the body, as well as denatured substances that have developed within the body. They are also called macrophages, macrophages, phagocytes, or histiocytes. Macrophages exhibit active amoeba-like movement, particularly during inflammation or trauma, and ingest dead cells, debris, and various destroyed foreign bodies, playing the role of cleaners within tissues. Immunologically, macrophages convey information about the antigenicity of the ingested material to lymphocytes. Lymphocytes produce appropriate antibodies in response to this information. The currently most widely accepted theory regarding the origin of macrophages is that they originate from monocytes (mononuclear cells, a type of white blood cell). According to this theory, the cells that are the source of macrophages proliferate in the bone marrow, appear in the blood as monocytes, enter the connective tissues of various organs from the blood vessels, differentiate into macrophages, and exhibit active phagocytic activity.

[Yasumi Arai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

動物体のすべての組織に出現する遊走性の大形細胞で、生体に侵入した異物や細菌、あるいは体内に生じた変性物質を食べ込む。大食胞、大食細胞、貪食細胞(どんしょくさいぼう)、または組織球ともいう。マクロファージはとくに、炎症や外傷の際に活発なアメーバ様運動を示し、細胞の死骸(しがい)や破片、破壊されたさまざまの異物などを食べ込んで、組織内の清掃屋の役割を果たす。免疫学的にはマクロファージは、食べ込んだものの抗原性に関する情報をリンパ球に伝える。リンパ球はこの情報に応じて適切な抗体をつくる。マクロファージの起源については現在では、単球(白血球の一系統である単核の細胞)由来説が有力である。この説によれば、マクロファージの源となる細胞は骨髄で増殖し、血中に単球として出現し、血管から種々の臓器の結合組織内に入ってマクロファージに分化して活発な食細胞活動を示す、ということになる。

[新井康允]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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