Uspenskii, Gleb Ivanovich

Japanese: ウスペンスキー（英語表記）Uspenskii， Gleb Ivanovich

Born: October 25, 1843 in Tula
Died April 6, 1902. Petersburg, Russia. A writer. In 1861, he entered the University of Petersburg, and the following year, he transferred to Moscow University, but dropped out due to financial reasons. Around that time, he began to write, and published Nravy Rasteryaevoi ulitsy (1866), a collection of documentary works depicting the lives of the lower classes in provincial cities, and Razoren'e (69), which were published in the magazine Gendaijin, and gained his fame as a writer. He later established himself as a writer by writing representative works such as Iz derevenskovo dnevnika (77-80), Krest'yanin i krest'yanskii trud (80), and Vlast' zemli (82), which vividly depict from a populist perspective the penetration of capitalism into rural areas, the collapse of rural communities, the class differentiation of peasants and changes in their consciousness. However, due to the defeat and failure of the Narodnik movement, he fell into mental confusion in his later years and committed suicide.

Uspensky
Uspenskii, Nikolai Vasil'evich

Born: 1837. Stupino, Tula
[Died] November 2, 1889. Moscow Russian writer. Cousin of GI Uspensky. Graduated from the seminary in his hometown. Dropped out of St. Petersburg University. His short stories "Old Woman" (Starukh) and "Baptism" (Krestiny) published in 1857 were recognized by N. Nekrasov, and he subsequently published a series of short stories in the magazine "Contemporaries" under the collective title "Records of Folk Life" (Ocherki narodonovo byta), which gained him popularity. He eventually portrayed the lives of the common people in a negative light, and after breaking away from Nekrasov, he was abandoned by the literary world and committed suicide in extreme poverty.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1843.10.25. トゥーラ
[没]1902.4.6. ペテルブルグ
ロシアの作家。 1861年ペテルブルグ大学に入学，翌年モスクワ大学に転学したが，経済的理由で中退。その頃から作品を書きはじめ，地方都市下層民の生活を描いた記録文学集『ラステリャーエワヤ街の風習』 Nravy Rasteryaevoi ulitsy (1866) や『零落』 Razoren'e (69) を『現代人』誌に発表して文名を高めた。その後，『農村日記抄』 Iz derevenskovo dnevnika (77～80) ，『農民と農民労働』 Krest'yanin i krest'yanskii trud (80) ，『大地の力』 Vlast' zemli (82) などの代表的な作品で，農村への資本主義の浸透，農村共同体の崩壊，農民の階級分化と意識の変化などを人民主義の立場から克明に描き，ゆるぎない地歩を築いた。しかし，ナロードニキ運動の敗北と挫折により，晩年は精神錯乱に陥って自殺した。

ウスペンスキー
Uspenskii， Nikolai Vasil'evich

[生]1837. トゥーラ，ストゥピノ
[没]1889.11.2. モスクワ
ロシアの作家。 G.I.ウスペンスキーのいとこ。郷里の神学校卒業。ペテルブルグ大学中退。 1857年に発表した短編『老婆』 Starukh，『洗礼』 Krestinyが N.ネクラーソフに認められ，以後『現代人』誌に『民衆生活の記録』 Ocherki narodonovo bytaという総題で一連の短編を発表し人気を博した。やがて民衆生活を否定的に描き，ネクラーソフと決別するに及んで文壇から見放され，極貧のうちに自殺した。

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