Maki (English spelling)

Japanese: マキ(英語表記)Maquis
Maki (English spelling)
The Maquis was the core of the resistance movement in southern France under the Vichy government (1940-44) during World War II. The word originates from the Corsican word for "coppice". After France surrendered to Germany, various resistance movements arose, especially after the 1943 forced labor law intensified German labor conscription and conscription began. Young men fled to the mountains and forests of southern France and organized armed guerrillas, including Jews, Spanish exiles, Belgian, Dutch, and Polish exiles, and escaped Soviet prisoners of war. These groups were called the Maquis, and while most of the members of each organization were fewer than 50, their total number reached about 30,000 by the end of 1943. They had a diverse political leanings, but many were communists, and they terrorized the German army despite the harsh retaliation. On February 1, 1944, they were officially incorporated into the French National Army, and after the Allied forces landed in France in June of the same year, they carried out military operations to reoccupy France after Germany's withdrawal and to support the Allied forces.

Maki
maquis; macchie

Also called maquis or maquis. A type of sclerophyllous sub-alpine or shrub forest that develops in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean. The maquis forests of Corsica, called maquis, are a typical example, from which the name is derived. They are a mixture of heather, broom, oleander, and other plants, and can become forests if left unattended in areas with good soil. In the western Mediterranean region, cork oaks are the main component plant.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
第2次世界大戦中のビシー政府 (1940~44) 下の南フランスでレジスタンス運動の中核となった組織。語源はコルシカ語で「雑木林」を意味する。対独降伏後のフランスでは各種のレジスタンス運動が発生したが,特に 1943年の強制労働法によってドイツの労働徴発が激しくなり,徴兵が行われはじめると,青年たちは南フランスの山中や森林に逃れ,武装ゲリラを組織,これにユダヤ人,スペインの亡命兵士,ベルギー,オランダ,ポーランドからの亡命者,さらに逃亡ソ連軍捕虜が参加した。この集団がマキで,多くの場合1組織の構成員は 50人以下であったが,総数は 43年末に約3万人に上った。政治的傾向は多様であったが,多くは共産党系で,きびしい報復を受けながらもドイツ軍に恐怖を与えた。 44年2月1日フランス国内軍に正式に編入され,同年6月の連合軍フランス上陸後は,ドイツの撤退後の再占領や連合軍支援の軍事作戦を展開した。

マキ
maquis; macchie

マッキー,マキーともいう。地中海の沿岸地帯に発達する硬葉の亜高木ないし低木樹林群系の一型。コルシカ島でマキと呼ばれるイシガシの叢林はその典型で,名称もそれに由来する。エリカ,エニシダ,キョウチクトウなどが混生し,良質の土壌地帯では放置すると森林になる場合もある。また地中海西部の地域ではコルクガシがおもな構成植物となっている。

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