...The government, which made Kaunas its provisional capital, eliminated the Polish landlords in a land reform in 1922, established a democratic constitution, and in 1923 forcibly annexed Klaipėda, which was under the control of the League of Nations. However, the political situation was unstable due to the policy toward the Soviet Union, and at the end of 1926, Augustinas Woldemaras (1883-1942) established an authoritarian regime in a coup d'état. He was overthrown in 1929 due to the backlash caused by the massacre of Jews by the far-right group (Iron Wolves), which was the basis of his regime, but the dictatorial rule continued under President Antanas Smetona (1874-1944). In 1938, on the eve of World War II, Lithuania abandoned its claim to the Vilnius region under pressure from Poland, and in March 1939, it was forced by Germany to abandon the Klaipėda area. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Smetona, A." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…カウナスを臨時首都とした政府は22年の土地改革でおもにポーランド系の地主を排除し,また民主憲法を制定し,23年には国際連盟管理下のクライペダを実力で併合したが,対ソ政策などをめぐって政局は安定せず,26年末にボルデマラスAugustinas Woldemaras(1883‐1942)がクーデタで権威主義的体制をしいた。彼は,その基盤たる極右団体(鉄狼団)のユダヤ人虐殺事件で反発を招き,29年に失脚したが,その後も大統領スメトナAntanas Smetona(1874‐1944)のもとで独裁政治が続いた。 第2次大戦前夜の38年,リトアニアはポーランドからの圧力でビルニュス地方への要求を放棄し,39年3月にはドイツにクライペダ地区の放棄を強いられた。… ※「Smetona,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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