...In short, with the beginning of this kind of organization, leadership, which was initially temporary and limited, becomes permanent and strengthened, and eventually becomes hereditary or institutionalized, laying the foundations of a state structure. In the past, attention has been focused on the conquest theory put forward by F. Oppenheimer and R. Thurnwald, and the irrigation theory by KA Wittfogel, but according to Service's theory, these are merely one of several factors that give rise to the organization and institutionalization of leadership mentioned above. The view that there is not necessarily one path to the formation of a state but rather multiple paths is also presented by R. Cohen and L. Kreider. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Oppenheimer, F." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…要するにこの種の組織化が始まることによって,当初は一時的であり限定されていた指導権が恒久化し強化され,ついには世襲化ないしは制度化されて,国家的機構の基礎が築かれるというのである。 従来,国家の起源をめぐって,たとえばF.オッペンハイマーやR.トゥルンワルトが唱えた征服説や,K.A.ウィットフォーゲルの灌漑説などが注目を浴びたが,それらは,サービスの理論によれば,上述の組織化と指導権の制度化を生み出すいくつかの要因の一つにすぎないことになる。国家形成へいたる道筋は必ずしも一つではなく複数でありうるという見解はR.コーエンやL.クレーダーによっても示されている。… ※「オッペンハイマー,F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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