A disaster caused by the simultaneous occurrence of strong winds and heavy rain. It is also called a typhoon disaster because it is mainly caused by typhoons. In Japan, the damage caused by rain is usually greater than the damage caused by wind. Also, because it is accompanied by wind, the damage can be greater than the damage caused by rain alone. For example, this is the case when damage caused by high tides and high waves is also added. Wind and flood damage varies depending on the time of year when a typhoon strikes, its path, and its speed. Summer typhoons have a narrow rain area, so wind damage caused by strong winds can be greater, while autumn typhoons are accompanied by a front, so flood damage caused by heavy rain is usually greater. Also, in the Northern Hemisphere, the right side of a typhoon's path is stronger in both wind and rain than the left side, and the damage is greater and more widespread on the right side. Furthermore, the slower the typhoon's speed, the greater the damage. The most serious storm and flood disaster in Japan was caused by the Ise Bay Typhoon on September 26, 1959 (Showa 34), which left 5,101 people dead and missing, and damaged 833,965 buildings. The next most damaging were the Muroto Typhoon (September 1934) and the Makurazaki Typhoon (September 1945). Due to progress in flood control projects for major rivers and an increase in concrete houses, the scale of storm and flood damage has become smaller, and major disasters like those of the past rarely occur anymore. [Takao Ando and Yoh Nomura] "Osamu Nishikawa, 'View of Japan and the Natural Environment: The Path to Fudology' (2002, Akatsuki Publishing Co., Ltd.) " "Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, 'Disaster Prevention Studies Course 1: Theory of Wind and Flood Disasters' (2003, Sankaido Co., Ltd.)" [Reference items] | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
強い風と大雨とが同時におこることによってもたらされる災害。おもに台風によっておこるので台風災害ともいう。風による被害と雨による被害とを比べると、日本では雨による被害のほうが大きいのが普通である。また風を伴っているために、単に雨による被害よりも大きな被害となることがある。たとえば高潮や高波による被害が付加される場合などがこれにあたる。 風水害は、台風の来襲の時期、台風の経路、速度などで異なる。夏の台風は雨域が狭いので、強風による風害のほうが大きいことがあり、秋の台風は前線を伴っているために、大雨による水害のほうが大きいのが普通である。また北半球では、台風の進行方向の右側は、左側に比べて風雨ともに強く、その範囲も広いので、被害の程度も右側のほうがひどく、範囲も広い。さらに、台風の速度が遅ければ遅いほど被害は大きくなる。 日本でもっとも大きな風水害は1959年(昭和34)9月26日の伊勢湾台風(いせわんたいふう)によるもので、死者行方不明5101人、建物被害83万3965戸となっている。これに次いで被害が大きかったのは室戸(むろと)台風(1934年9月)と枕崎(まくらざき)台風(1945年9月)であった。大河川の治水事業の進展や、コンクリート家屋などの増加により、風水害の規模は小さくなり、昔のような大災害はほとんどおこらなくなっている。 [安藤隆夫・饒村 曜] 『西川治著『日本観と自然環境――風土ロジーへの道』(2002・暁印書館)』▽『京都大学防災研究所編『防災学講座1 風水害論』(2003・山海堂)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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