Borodin

Japanese: ボロジン

Russian composer and chemist. Also known as Borodin. He studied pharmacy and chemistry at the St. Petersburg Academy of Pharmacy and Surgery in his hometown, and received his doctorate in pharmacy in 1858. In 1856 he became acquainted with Mussorgsky, and in 1862 he discovered Balakirev, which led him to join the Russian National School (the quintet) and begin full-scale composing. In 1864 he became a professor at his alma mater, and while he was busy with teaching and research activities, he completed his first masterpiece, Symphony No. 1, in 1867, after having composed early masterpieces such as the Piano Quintet (1862). Later, through the introduction of F. Liszt, whom he met, his works quickly gained acclaim in Europe. His representative works include the unfinished opera "Prince Igor" based on the Russian national epic poem "The Chronicles of Igor's War", "Symphony No. 2" (1876), the orchestral piece "In the Steppes of Central Asia" (1880), and "String Quartet No. 2" (1881), and he also composed many excellent songs. He also achieved many accomplishments as a chemist and educator.
Related article: Mariinsky Theatre

Borodin

A Russian author. His pen name was Amir Sargidzhan. He was active mainly in the Uzbek Republic, and his fiction was based on the history, customs, and folklore of the peoples of Central Asia. His works include Recent Bukhara (1931), which depicts the lives of the people of Central Asia, and the trilogy Star of Samarkand (1953-1973), which depicts the life of Timur, the founder of the Timurid dynasty. He is also known for his Russian translation of the memoirs of Aini, a writer of the Tajik Republic, titled Bukhara. He received the Soviet State Prize for his masterpiece Dmitrii Donskoy (1942), which depicts the Russian army and national hero Dmitrii Donskoy, who defeated the Tatar army and won the victory.

Borodin

Soviet revolutionary. His real name was Grusenberg. He was born to a Jewish family in Latvia. From 1919, he traveled abroad as a Comintern activist. From 1923 to 1927, he was active in China as a top adviser to the Chinese Nationalist Party and the Guangdong government, but was dismissed after the conflict between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communist Party in Wuhan. He returned to China in 1927. He was treated poorly thereafter, and was purged in 1951. He was rehabilitated in 1964.

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Japanese:

ロシアの作曲家，化学者。ボロディンともいう。生地のペテルブルグ薬科外科アカデミーで薬学と化学を学び，1858年薬学博士号を取得。1856年にムソルグスキーの知遇を得，1862年バラーキレフを知ったことから，ロシア国民楽派（五人組）に参加，本格的な作曲活動に入る。1864年には母校教授となり教育・研究活動に忙殺されるなか，《ピアノ五重奏曲》（1862年）などの初期秀作を経て1867年に最初の大曲《交響曲第１番》を完成。のちに知り合ったF.リストの紹介により，その作品は早くからヨーロッパでも評価を得た。代表作に，ロシアの民族叙事詩《イーゴリ軍記》による未完のオペラ《イーゴリ公》，《交響曲第２番》（1876年），管弦楽曲《中央アジアの草原にて》（1880年），《弦楽四重奏曲第２番》（1881年）などがあり，歌曲にも佳作が多い。化学者，教育者としても多くの業績を残した。
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ボロジン

ロシアの作家。筆名はアミル・サルギジャンAmir Sargidzhan。中央アジアの諸民族の歴史や風俗，民間伝承などに創作の材を取り，おもにウズベク共和国で活躍した。中央アジアの民衆の生活を描いた《最近のブハラ》（1931年）や，ティムール朝の創設者ティムールの生涯を描いた三部作《サマルカンドの星》（1953年−1973年）などの作品があり，タジク共和国の文学者アイニーの回想録のロシア語訳《ブハラ》でも知られる。タタールの大軍を迎え撃ち勝利をおさめたロシア軍と国民的英雄ドミトリー・ドンスコイを描いた代表作《ドミトリー・ドンスコイ》（1942年）でソ連邦国家賞を受賞した。

ボロジン

ソ連の革命家。本名グルーゼンベルグGrusenberg。ラトビアのユダヤ人家庭に生まれる。1919年からコミンテルンの活動家として海外各地におもむいた。1923年―1927年，中国国民党・広東政府最高顧問として中国で活躍，武漢における国共対立で解任。1927年帰国。以後は不遇で，1951年粛清された。1964年名誉回復。

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