Erection - bokki (English spelling)

Japanese: 勃起 - ぼっき(英語表記)erection
Erection - bokki (English spelling)

This refers to the state in which the corpus cavernosum of the penis becomes filled with blood, expanding in volume and becoming hard. Sexual stimuli such as vision, hearing, smell, and imagery are transmitted via the brainstem to the erectile center (sacral spinal cord 2-4) of the spinal cord, and from there to the pelvic nerve (erectile nerve) to the vascular system of the penis, causing an erection. Such an erection accompanied by sexual excitement is called erotic erection or psychoerectile erection. On the other hand, sensory stimuli applied to the glans penis or urethra are transmitted via the pudendal nerve, and deep sensations from the bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate, etc. are transmitted via the pelvic nerve to the spinal erectile center, and these stimuli are transmitted centrifugal via the pelvic nerve to the vascular system controlling the penis, causing an erection. Such an erection caused by a reflex arc is called a reflex erection.

Traditionally, it was thought that erections that occur when waking up early in the morning were a reflex reaction caused by the bladder filling up with urine, but recent research has led to the understanding that they are a lingering remnant of the erection seen during REM sleep.

Erections are inhibited by various psychological causes, and erectile dysfunction can also occur due to organic causes, such as peripheral nerve damage caused by brain and spinal cord disease, spinal cord injury, surgery on pelvic organs, or endocrine disorders. Erectile dysfunction can also occur for long periods of time without sexual arousal, a condition known as priapism, which is generally accompanied by pain. The cause is sometimes unknown, but in recent years it has often been caused by the injection of vasoactive drugs into the corpus cavernosum of the penis for the purpose of treating impotence. It can also occur due to central nervous system disorders, inflammation of the corpus cavernosum, tumors, leukemia, etc.

[Masafumi Shirai]

[References] | Penis | Impotence | Prava

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

陰茎海綿体が血液で充満され、容積が増大して硬くなった状態をいう。視覚、聴覚、嗅(きゅう)覚、イメージのような性的刺激が脳幹部を経て脊髄(せきずい)の勃起中枢(第2~第4仙髄)に伝えられ、ここから骨盤神経(勃起神経)を経由して陰茎の血管系に伝わり、勃起がおこる。このような性的興奮を伴う勃起を色情性勃起あるいは精神性勃起とよんでいる。一方、陰茎亀頭(きとう)部や尿道に加えられた知覚刺激は陰部神経を経由し、膀胱(ぼうこう)、精嚢(せいのう)、前立腺(せん)などからの深部知覚は骨盤神経を経て脊髄勃起中枢に伝えられ、これらの刺激は遠心性に骨盤神経を経由して陰茎支配血管系に伝わり、勃起がおこる。このような反射弓によっておこるものは反射性勃起とよばれている。

 従来、早朝覚醒(かくせい)時の勃起は、膀胱に尿が充満するためにその刺激で反射的におこると考えられていたが、近年の研究ではレム睡眠期にみられる勃起の名残(なごり)が続いているものと理解されるようになった。

 勃起はさまざまな心理的原因によって抑制されるし、器質的な原因、たとえば脳脊髄疾患や脊髄損傷、骨盤内臓器の手術などによる末梢(まっしょう)神経損傷、あるいは内分泌疾患などによっても勃起不能に陥ることがある。また、性的興奮を伴わず長時間勃起が持続することがあり、これを持続勃起症とよび、一般に疼痛(とうつう)を伴う。原因は不明のこともあるが、最近ではインポテンスの治療の目的で血管作動薬を陰茎海綿体内に注射することによって引き起こされていることが多くなった。このほか、中枢神経疾患、海綿体の炎症、腫瘍(しゅよう)、白血病などに伴ってみられることもある。

[白井將文]

[参照項目] | 陰茎 | インポテンス | 持続勃起症

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