In general, it refers to provisional measures ordered by the court to preserve rights until those rights are confirmed or realized. In the narrow sense, it refers to provisional attachments and provisional dispositions under the Civil Preservation Law, which calls them civil preservation measures. In addition, there are other measures recognized by positive law to ensure the effectiveness of various procedures, such as preservation measures accompanying applications for bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, and special liquidation, preservation measures before family court decisions, and measures before various mediations. Among these, the most important are provisional attachments and provisional dispositions under the Civil Preservation Law. In reality, these preservation measures are not only for preserving rights, but can even be used to directly realize rights. For example, in labor disputes such as lawsuits seeking confirmation of the invalidity of dismissals, the outcome of the preservation lawsuit is de facto the decisive result, and it is as if they are no longer provisional measures in practice. [Takeyoshi Uchida and Tetsuo Kato, May 19, 2016] [Reference items] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般的には、権利を保全するために、その権利を確定または実現させるまでの間、裁判所から命ぜられる暫定的処分のことをいう。狭義では、民事保全法上の仮差押え・仮処分をいい、同法ではこれらを民事保全とよび規定している。このほか、各種手続の実効性を確保するために実定法上認められているものとしては、破産・民事再生・会社更生・特別清算の申立てに伴う保全処分、家事審判前の保全処分、各種調停前の措置などがある。これらのなかでもっとも比重が増大しているのは、民事保全法上の仮差押え・仮処分である。この保全処分は、現実には権利保全だけではなく、事実上、権利の直接的実現に役だっている場合さえもある。たとえば、解雇無効の確認を求める訴訟のような労働関係の紛争においては、保全訴訟の勝敗が事実上の決定的結果を招き、実質的に暫定的処分ではなくなっているごときである。 [内田武吉・加藤哲夫 2016年5月19日] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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