Gulf of Bothnia

Japanese: ボスニア湾 - ぼすにあわん(英語表記)Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Bothnia

The northern part of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is the area between Sweden and Finland, approximately north of 60 degrees north latitude. The northern half is sometimes called the Gulf of Bothnia and the southern half is called the Bothnian Sea, with the border being the line between Umeå, Sweden and Vaasa, Finland. Most of the water is shallower than 100 meters and brackish, so it often freezes over completely in winter. During this period, coastal ports are forced to close. During the Pleistocene (Pleistocene) epoch, it was the center of the huge Scandinavian ice sheet that covered all of Northern Europe. Even now, when the ice sheet has disappeared, the ground continues to rise due to isostasy, at an average rate of 5 millimeters to 1 centimeter per year. There are many pulp, paper, and lumber factories along the coast, and their wastewater is one of the causes of water pollution. Coastal fishing is also thriving, with large catches of herring, cod, and salmon.

[Yusaku Taguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北ヨーロッパ、バルト海北部の海域。スウェーデンとフィンランドの両国に挟まれた、ほぼ北緯60度より北の部分をさす。スウェーデンのウーメオとフィンランドのバーサを結ぶ線を境に、北半分をボスニア湾、南半分をボスニア海とよぶこともある。大部分は水深が100メートルより浅く、しかも汽水性のため、冬季はしばしば完全結氷する。この期間、沿岸の港湾は閉鎖を余儀なくさせられる。更新世(洪積世)には北ヨーロッパ全域を覆った巨大なスカンジナビア氷床の中心となった。氷床が消失した現在でも、アイソスタシー(地殻均衡)による地盤の上昇が続いており、その速度は年間平均5ミリメートル~1センチメートルを記録する。沿岸にはパルプ、製紙、製材などの工場が多く、その廃水が水質汚染の原因の一つとなっている。沿岸漁業も盛んで、ニシン、タラ、サケの漁獲量が多い。

[田口雄作]

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