Voznesenskii, Andrei Andreevich

Japanese: ボズネセンスキー（英語表記）Voznesenskii, Andrei Andreevich

Born: May 12, 1933, Moscow, Soviet Union
[Died] June 1, 2010, Moscow, Russia. Russian poet. One of the most prominent poets in Soviet literature since the era of Joseph V. Stalin. His childhood war experiences left deep emotional scars, which had a vivid influence on his later works. He graduated from the Moscow Architectural Institute in 1957. While there, he studied under the writer Boris L. Pasternak. In 1958, his first collection of experimental poems was published. He participated in the literary revival in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and gained popularity through poetry readings. Together with Yevgeny Yevtushenko and Bella Akhmadulina, he was one of the representative young poets who emerged after the criticism of Stalin. Although his works were repeatedly criticized by the authorities, he maintained his status as a government-recognized writer, and was awarded the State Prize of the Soviet Union in 1978. This allowed him to take risky actions that other writers would have taken, such as writing letters criticizing the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia (→Czech incident) and defending the writer Alexander I. Solzhenitsyn. His representative work is Goya (1960), which uses powerful metaphors to depict the horrors of war. Other works include the poetry collections Parabola (1960), Mozaika (1960), and Antimiry (1964), the epic poem Lonzhyumo (1963) dedicated to Vladimir I. Lenin, and the long poem Oza (1964). (→Russian literature)

Voznesensky
Voznesenskii, Nikolai Alekseevich

Born: December 1, 1903, Tula
[Died] September 30, 1950.
Soviet economist and politician. Joined the Communist Party in 1919. After graduating from the Red Professors' University in 1931, he became a lecturer at the same university. In 1937 he became Chairman of the State Planning Committee, in 1939 Deputy Chairman of the People's Assembly, and in 1947 a member of the Politburo. In 1943 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. His book "War economy of the USSR during the Patriotic War" (Voennaya ekonomika SSSR v period Otechestvennoi voiny) published in 1947 was declared anti-Marxist and anti-scientific by I. Stalin, and he was stripped of all his positions in 1949 and shot in 1950. After criticizing Stalin, he was rehabilitated.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1933.5.12. ソビエト連邦，モスクワ
[没]2010.6.1. ロシア，モスクワ
ロシアの詩人。ヨシフ・V.スターリン時代以降のソビエト文学界で最も著名な詩人の一人。少年期の戦争体験が心に深い傷を残し，のちの作品に鮮烈な影響を及ぼした。1957年にモスクワ建築大学を卒業。同大学在学中から作家のボリス・L.パステルナークに師事する。1958年に実験的な作品を収めた初の詩集が刊行された。1950年代末から 1960年代初めに文芸復興運動に参加，詩の朗読会で人気を集め，エフゲニー・エフトゥシェンコ，ベッラ・アフマドゥーリナらとともに，スターリン批判後に登場した若手詩人の代表として活躍した。作品は何度も当局の非難を浴びたが政府公認作家としての地位を保ち，1978年にソビエト連邦国家賞を授与された。そのため，他の作家なら危険を伴う行動も可能で，ソ連のチェコスロバキア侵攻（→チェコ事件）を批判する手紙の執筆，作家アレクサンドル・I.ソルジェニーツィンの擁護などを行なった。代表作は力強い隠喩を用いて戦争の恐怖を描いた『ゴヤ』Goya（1960）。ほかに，『放物線』Parabola（1960），『モザイク』Mozaika（1960），『反世界』Antimiry（1964）などの詩集，ウラジーミル・I.レーニンに捧げた叙事詩『ロンジュモ』Lonzhyumo（1963），長詩『オーザ』Oza（1964）など。（→ロシア文学）

ボズネセンスキー
Voznesenskii， Nikolai Alekseevich

[生]1903.12.1. トゥラ
[没]1950.9.30.
ソ連の経済学者，政治家。 1919年共産党に入党。 31年赤色教授大学卒業後，同大学講師。 37年国家計画委員会議長，39年人民会議議長代理，47年政治局員。 43年ソ連科学アカデミー会員。 47年に著わした『祖国戦争の時期のソ連邦の戦争経済』 Voennaya ekonomika SSSR v period Otechestvennoi voinyが，I.スターリンから反マルクス的，反科学的と宣告され，49年すべての役職を剥奪，50年銃殺された。スターリン批判後，名誉を回復された。

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