On December 16, 1773, residents of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America dumped chests of tea into the sea from East India Company ships anchored in Boston Harbor in protest against the British Tea Tax Act. In 1773, the British North Cabinet banned smuggling tea by colonial merchants and enacted the Tea Tax Act, granting the East India Company, which was struggling with a backlog of tea, a monopoly on selling tea. Dissatisfied with this, American colonists took direct action in various places, such as blocking the unloading of tea and forcing tea sellers to decline. In Boston, a group of radicals disguised as Indians boarded three East India Company ships anchored in the harbor on December 16 of the same year and dumped 342 chests (15,000 pounds) of tea into the sea. Infuriated by this, the British government enacted the "Coercive Acts" such as the Boston Port Closure Act the following year and demanded compensation for damages, but the citizens of Boston refused, and the residents of Massachusetts and other colonies joined them in forming the Continental Congress to resist. It is significant as the event that marked the turning point of the American Revolution (→American War of Independence) from a reform movement based on public opinion within the British Empire to a revolutionary movement that sought separation from the Empire and independence. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1773年 12月 16日,アメリカのマサチューセッツ湾植民地の住民がイギリスの茶税法に反対してボストン港に停泊中の東インド会社の船から茶箱を海に投棄した事件。 73年イギリスのノース内閣は植民地商人による茶の密貿易を禁じ,茶の滞貨に苦しむ東インド会社に茶の独占販売権を与え茶税法を制定。これに不満をもつアメリカ植民地人は各地で茶の荷揚げ阻止や茶販売人の辞退強制などの直接行動に出たが,ボストンではインディアンに変装した急進派の一団が,同年 12月 16日港内に停泊中の3隻の東インド会社船に乗込み 342箱 (1万 5000ポンド) の茶を海に投棄した。これに激高したイギリス政府は翌 74年ボストン港閉鎖法など「強圧諸法」を制定し損害賠償を求めたが,ボストン市民はこれを拒否しマサチューセッツ住民やほかの植民地住民もこれに同調して大陸会議を結成し抵抗した。アメリカ独立革命 (→アメリカ独立戦争 ) がイギリス帝国内での言論による改革運動から,帝国からの分離,独立を目指す革命運動へと転化する契機となった事件として重要な意義がある。
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