It means "joke, play" and is also translated as "humorous music." It is generally a light-hearted triple-beat piece of music, especially used as the third movement (and sometimes the second movement) of instrumental pieces. (1) The name was first used in 17th-century madrigal-like vocal pieces (Monteverdi's Scherzo Musicali, 1607, 1632). (2) Haydn was the first to use a movement called scherzo instead of minuet, as seen in the six string quartets (Nos. 37-42) of Op. 33 known as the "Russian Quartets," but they are essentially minuetto. It was Beethoven who established the scherzo, which has a different style from the minuet. The music is in ternary form with a trio in the middle, and many of them have a humorous character, which was followed by Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, and others. (3) In the 19th century, it was also used as a movement to enjoy the sound of instruments, such as Mendelssohn's theatrical music "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and Berlioz's dramatic symphony "Romeo and Juliet." Other independent works include Chopin's piano pieces (four pieces, all in fast triple time) and Ducas' orchestral piece "The Sorcerer's Apprentice" (1897), subtitled "Scherzo on Goethe's Ballad." [Toshiko Sekine] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
「冗談、戯れ」の意で、「諧謔(かいぎゃく)曲」とも訳される。一般には軽快な三拍子の音楽で、とくに器楽曲の第三楽章(ときには第二楽章)に用いられる。(1)この名称は最初、17世紀のマドリガル風声楽曲に使用された(モンテベルディ作曲『スケルツォ・ムジカーリ』1607、1632)。(2)メヌエットのかわりにスケルツォの名をもつ楽章を用いたのはハイドンが最初で、「ロシア四重奏曲」とよばれる作品33の六曲の弦楽四重奏曲(第37~42番)にみられるが、実質的にはメヌエットである。メヌエットとは異なる様式をもつスケルツォを定着させたのはベートーベンであった。音楽は、中間部にトリオをもつ三部形式で、ユーモラスな性格をもつものが多く、シューベルト、シューマン、ブラームスらによって踏襲された。(3)19世紀には、楽器の音色を楽しむ楽章としても用いられ、メンデルスゾーンの劇音楽『真夏の夜の夢』やベルリオーズの劇的交響曲『ロミオとジュリエット』にその例がみられる。そのほか独立した作品としては、ショパンのピアノ曲(全四曲、すべて速い三拍子)、「ゲーテのバラードによるスケルツォ」の副題をもつデュカースの管弦楽曲『魔法使いの弟子』(1897)などがある。 [関根敏子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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