Ships and aircraft are registered and belong to a country, have the nationality of that country, and operate under that country's flag. The country to which a ship or aircraft belongs is called the flag state. When a ship or aircraft operates in a place not under the jurisdiction of any country, such as the high seas or the high airspace, it is generally under the jurisdiction of the flag state to which it belongs. This legal principle is called flag law principle or flag state principle. For certain illegal acts committed in sea areas or airspace, such as marine pollution, coastal and port states may have jurisdiction to police and take enforcement measures in addition to the flag state depending on the circumstances. In addition, for aviation crimes, in addition to the state of registration of the aircraft, the state of nationality of the criminal or the state of landing may have jurisdiction to arrest and punish. In cases where jurisdiction to police and punish such illegal acts compete, the legal position that the jurisdiction of the flag state should take precedence over the territorial jurisdiction of the place of the illegal act or the location of the illegal perpetrator depending on the circumstances is also called flag state principle. [Kou Nakamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
船舶や航空機は、いずれかの国に登録され所属し、その国の国籍をもち、その旗のもとに行動する。船舶や航空機の所属する国を旗国という。船舶や航空機が、たとえば公海または公空などいずれの国の管轄権のもとにもない場所において行動する場合には、原則としてその所属する旗国の管轄権のもとに置かれている。この法律上の原則を旗国法主義または旗国主義という。海域や空域において行われた、ある種の不法行為、たとえば海洋汚染については、事情により旗国のほかに、沿岸国や入港国が取締り、執行措置の管轄権を競合してもつことがある。また航空犯罪については、航空機の登録国のほかに、犯罪人の国籍国や着陸国が逮捕し、処罰等の管轄権を競合してもつことがある。このような不法行為の取締り、処罰の管轄権が競合する場合に、事情によっては、旗国の管轄権が、不法行為の場所、不法行為者の所在地の属地管轄権に優先すべきであるとする法的立場を旗国主義ということもある。 [中村 洸] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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